Studied by 6 people
Correlational research
measures the relationship between variables.
Subject variables
characterize preexisting differences among the participants in a study.
Internal validity
when an experiment is properly conducted.
Archival studies
examining existing records of past events and behaviors.
Basic research
________: seeks to increase our understanding of human behavior.
Hypothesis
an explicit, testable prediction about the conditions under which an event will occur.
Bogus pipeline technique
participants are led to believe that their responses will be verified by an infallible lie detector.
Meta analysis
combining results across studies.
Operational definition
the specific procedures for manipulating /measuring a conceptual variable.
Confederates
people working for the experimenter who pretend theyre part of the experiment.
Correlation
________ is not causation.
Theory
an organized set of principles used to explain observed phenomena.
External validity
the extent to which the results obtained under one set of circumstances would also occur in a different set of circumstances.
Descriptive research
record how frequently or how typically people think, feel, or behave in particular ways.
Deception
providing participants with false info.
Dependent variable
measured to see if its affected.
Field research
conducted in real- world settings outside the lab.
Developing ideas
beginning the research process
hypothesis
an explicit, testable prediction about the conditions under which an event will occur
theory
an organized set of principles used to explain observed phenomena
basic research
seeks to increase our understanding of human behavior
applied research
focuses on making applications to the world and contributing to the solution of social problems
operational definition
the specific procedures for manipulating / measuring a conceptual variable
construct validity
the extent to which
self-reports
participants disclose their thoughts, feelings, desires, and actions
bogus pipeline technique
participants are led to believe that their responses will be verified by an infallible lie detector
interrater reliability
level of agreement among multiple observers of the same behavior
descriptive research
record how frequently or how typically people think, feel, or behave in particular ways
archival studies
examining existing records of past events and behaviors
correlational research
measures the relationship between variables
correlation coefficient
a statistical measure of the strength and direction of the association between two variables
experiment
form of research that can demonstrate causal relationships
random assignment
participants are not assigned to a group based on their characteristics
random sampling
selecting participants for a study in a way that everyone in a population has an equal chance
lab research
environment is controlled and participants are carefully studied
field research
conducted in real-world settings outside the lab
independent variable
manipulated
dependent variable
measured to see if its affected
subject variables
characterize preexisting differences among the participants in a study
internal validity
when an experiment is properly conducted
confound
a factor other than the independent variable that has an effect on the dependent variable
experimenter expectancy effects
experimenter bias
external validity
the extent to which the results obtained under one set of circumstances would also occur in a different set of circumstances
mundane realism
extent to which the research setting resembles the real-world setting
experimental realism
degree to which the experimental setting and procedures are real and involving to the participant
deception
providing participants with false info
confederates
people working for the experimenter who pretend theyre part of the experiment
meta-analysis
combining results across studies
informed consent
an individuals deliberate, voluntary decision to participate in research
debriefing
researchers fully inform their participants about the nature of the research at the end of the experiment
basic research
seeks to increase our understanding of human behavior. often designed to test a specific hypothesis from a specific theory
applied research
focuses on making applications to the world and contributing to the solution of social problems
confound
A factor other than the independent variable that varies between the conditions of an experiment, thereby calling into question what caused any effects on the dependent variable.
construct validity
The extent to which the measures used in a study measure the variables they were designed to measure and the manipulations in an experiment manipulate the variables they were designed to manipulate.
correlational coefficient
A statistical measure of the strength and direction of the association between two variables.
debriefing
A disclosure, made to participants after research procedures are completed, in which the researcher explains the purpose of the research, attempts to resolve any negative feelings, and emphasizes the scientific contribution made by the participants’ involvement.
experiment
A form of research that can demonstrate causal relationships because (1) the experimenter has control over the events that occur and (2) participants are randomly assigned to conditions.
experimental realism
The degree to which experimental procedures are involving to participants and lead them to behave naturally and spontaneously.
experimenter expectancy effects
The effects produced when an experimenter’s expectations about the results of an experiment affect his or her behavior toward a participant and thereby influence the participant’s responses.
informed consent
An individual’s deliberate, voluntary decision to participate in research, based on the researcher’s description of what will be required during such participation.
interrater reliability
The degree to which different observers agree on their observations
mundane realism
The degree to which the experimental situation resembles places and events in the real world.
random assignment
A method of assigning participants to the various conditions of an experiment so that each participant in the experiment has an equal chance of being in any of the conditions.
random sampling
A method of selecting participants for a study so that everyone in a population has an equal chance of being in the study.
self-reports
Participants disclose their thoughts, feelings, desires, and actions
lab research
Environment is controlled and participants are carefully studied
independent variable
A variable whose variation doesn’t depend on that of another. The manipulated variable in an experiment
Note 
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