What are two main types of cells?
prokaryotes and eukaryotes
What do prokaryotes not contain?
nucleus
Prokrayotes also do not carry
Membrane bound organelles
Are prokaryotes unicellular or multicellular or both?
Unicellular
Where do prokaryotes have genetic material?
Center of the cell
Eukaryotes have a
Nucleus
Eukaryotes have
Membrane bound organelles
Are eukaryotes unicellular or multicellular or both?
Both
Where do eukaryotes have genetic material?
Nucleus of the cell
Cell mebrane is also known as what?
Plasma mebrane
What is the cell membrane mostly made up of?
Lipid bilayer
Cell mebranes have what embedded?
Proteins
How permeable is the cell/plasma mebrane?
Selectively
What does it mean to be selectively permeable?
Allowing certain substances in and out of the cell
Cytoplasm
Fluid in the cell
What does cytoplasm allow for?
Transport of molecules within the cell
Where is the nucleus located
Center of the cell
What does the nucleus do?
Controls cell actives
What does the nucleus contain?
DNA
Nucleolus
Makes RNA
Where can you find the nucleolus?
inside the nucleus
What is RNA needed for?
protein synthesis
Mitochondria is the....
Powerhouse of the cell
Mitochondria uses what to generate energy
Glucose and oxygen
What are energy rich molecules Called?
ATP
What is the endoplasmic reticulum known as?
Roadway
What is the job of the endoplasmic reticulum?
transport materials
What does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum not have
Ribosomes
What does the rough endoplasmic reticulum have?
ribosomes
Ribosomes
Makes proteins
Where are ribosomes found?
cytoplasm and rough ER
Golgi complex
packages, processes, and secretes proteins
Cilia and flagella are
Hair like structures on the cell
Cilia is
All over the cell
Flagella has
Long tail like structure
What are cilia and flagella used for?
movement
Lysosomes
Contains digestive enzymes
How do lysosomes look?
Small and round
Vacuole
Stores food,water, and waste
Plants have one large
Vacuole
Animals have many small
Vacuole
Centrioles
aids in cell reproduction
Centrioles are found only in
Animal cells
How do centrioles look like
Rod like
Cell wall
Gives structure to plant cells
Cell walls are made of
Cellulose
Cell walls are found only in
Plant cells
Chloroplasts
Site of photosynthesis
Where are cholorplasts found?
Plant cells
What do cholorplasts contain?
chlorophyll
What is produced due to photosynthesis
Glucose
cell membrane
Boundary between cell and the environment
What is the plasma membrane made of?
Lipid bi-layer
How many layers are there in a lipid bi-layer
2 layers
What is embedded in a lipid in-layer
Proteins
What is the process that is used to maintain homeostasis within the cell?
Diffusion
What is another name for the plasma membrane
fluid mosaic model
Hydrophilic
water loving
hydorphobic
Water fearing
mosaic means
Different molecules coming together
Fluid
Flexible
Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but not animal cells?
chloroplast and cell wall
Which organelle would you expect to find in animal cells but not plant cells?
centrioles and lysosomes
Cell Transport
Movement of molecules in and out of the cell
How do molecules know which direction to move?
Area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
concentration gradient
Movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration
Diffusion
high to low concentration
Molecules move from high to low concentration untill what is reached?
Equilibrium
passive transport
Molecules moving across a cell membrane, from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without the use of cellular energy
What are the 2 types of passive transport for the cells?
Diffusion and Osmosis
Diffusion
Movement of molecules through the cell membrane without energy
Osmosis
Movement of water across the cell membrane
What is dynamic equilibrium?
a balance between both sides of the cell
What do molecules move back and forth to maintain?
Dynamic equilibrium
What are the 3 types of solutions?
isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic
What is an isotonic solution?
Contains equal concentratinos of solutes on the inside and outside
What is a solute?
Substance being dissolved
What are examples of solutes?
Salt and sugar
ISO
equal
Water moved where
There is solute
NaCl
sodium chloride (salt)
What is the l in NaCl
A lowercase L
What is a hypertonic solution?
The concentration of solute is greater on the outside than the inside
What is the end result of a hypertonic solution?
A dried cell
Hyper means what?
More than
Hyperglycemic?
high blood sugar
Water moves is...
Osmosis
What is a hypotonic solution?
Solute concentration is greater in the inside of the cell
What is the end result of hypotonic solution?
Cell will burst
Can plant cells burst?
No
Why can't plant cells burst?
They have a cell wall
What is active transport?
movement of molecules into or out of a cell using energy
Does active transport move with the concentration gradient or against?
Against the concentration
Active transport moves from
Low to high
What does ATP stand for?
adenosine triphosphate
Why do we need active transport?
When they are too big to diffuse through the membrane
How do large molecule get through? What helps?
Protein within the cell membrane
Endocytosis
Cell absorbing outside to inside
What are the 4 examples of active transport?
endocytosis, pinocytosis, phagocytosis, exocytosis
Pinocytosis
Cell drinkers.