Cytology (Transport)

What are two main types of cells?

prokaryotes and eukaryotes

What do prokaryotes not contain?

nucleus

Prokrayotes also do not carry

Membrane bound organelles

Are prokaryotes unicellular or multicellular or both?

Unicellular

Where do prokaryotes have genetic material?

Center of the cell

Eukaryotes have a

Nucleus

Eukaryotes have

Membrane bound organelles

Are eukaryotes unicellular or multicellular or both?

Both

Where do eukaryotes have genetic material?

Nucleus of the cell

Cell mebrane is also known as what?

Plasma mebrane

What is the cell membrane mostly made up of?

Lipid bilayer

Cell mebranes have what embedded?

Proteins

How permeable is the cell/plasma mebrane?

Selectively

What does it mean to be selectively permeable?

Allowing certain substances in and out of the cell

Cytoplasm

Fluid in the cell

What does cytoplasm allow for?

Transport of molecules within the cell

Where is the nucleus located

Center of the cell

What does the nucleus do?

Controls cell actives

What does the nucleus contain?

DNA

Nucleolus

Makes RNA

Where can you find the nucleolus?

inside the nucleus

What is RNA needed for?

protein synthesis

Mitochondria is the....

Powerhouse of the cell

Mitochondria uses what to generate energy

Glucose and oxygen

What are energy rich molecules Called?

ATP

What is the endoplasmic reticulum known as?

Roadway

What is the job of the endoplasmic reticulum?

transport materials

What does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum not have

Ribosomes

What does the rough endoplasmic reticulum have?

ribosomes

Ribosomes

Makes proteins

Where are ribosomes found?

cytoplasm and rough ER

Golgi complex

packages, processes, and secretes proteins

Cilia and flagella are

Hair like structures on the cell

Cilia is

All over the cell

Flagella has

Long tail like structure

What are cilia and flagella used for?

movement

Lysosomes

Contains digestive enzymes

How do lysosomes look?

Small and round

Vacuole

Stores food,water, and waste

Plants have one large

Vacuole

Animals have many small

Vacuole

Centrioles

aids in cell reproduction

Centrioles are found only in

Animal cells

How do centrioles look like

Rod like

Cell wall

Gives structure to plant cells

Cell walls are made of

Cellulose

Cell walls are found only in

Plant cells

Chloroplasts

Site of photosynthesis

Where are cholorplasts found?

Plant cells

What do cholorplasts contain?

chlorophyll

What is produced due to photosynthesis

Glucose

cell membrane

Boundary between cell and the environment

What is the plasma membrane made of?

Lipid bi-layer

How many layers are there in a lipid bi-layer

2 layers

What is embedded in a lipid in-layer

Proteins

What is the process that is used to maintain homeostasis within the cell?

Diffusion

What is another name for the plasma membrane

fluid mosaic model

Hydrophilic

water loving

hydorphobic

Water fearing

mosaic means

Different molecules coming together

Fluid

Flexible

Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but not animal cells?

chloroplast and cell wall

Which organelle would you expect to find in animal cells but not plant cells?

centrioles and lysosomes

Cell Transport

Movement of molecules in and out of the cell

How do molecules know which direction to move?

Area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

concentration gradient

Movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration

Diffusion

high to low concentration

Molecules move from high to low concentration untill what is reached?

Equilibrium

passive transport

Molecules moving across a cell membrane, from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without the use of cellular energy

What are the 2 types of passive transport for the cells?

Diffusion and Osmosis

Diffusion

Movement of molecules through the cell membrane without energy

Osmosis

Movement of water across the cell membrane

What is dynamic equilibrium?

a balance between both sides of the cell

What do molecules move back and forth to maintain?

Dynamic equilibrium

What are the 3 types of solutions?

isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic

What is an isotonic solution?

Contains equal concentratinos of solutes on the inside and outside

What is a solute?

Substance being dissolved

What are examples of solutes?

Salt and sugar

ISO

equal

Water moved where

There is solute

NaCl

sodium chloride (salt)

What is the l in NaCl

A lowercase L

What is a hypertonic solution?

The concentration of solute is greater on the outside than the inside

What is the end result of a hypertonic solution?

A dried cell

Hyper means what?

More than

Hyperglycemic?

high blood sugar

Water moves is...

Osmosis

What is a hypotonic solution?

Solute concentration is greater in the inside of the cell

What is the end result of hypotonic solution?

Cell will burst

Can plant cells burst?

No

Why can't plant cells burst?

They have a cell wall

What is active transport?

movement of molecules into or out of a cell using energy

Does active transport move with the concentration gradient or against?

Against the concentration

Active transport moves from

Low to high

What does ATP stand for?

adenosine triphosphate

Why do we need active transport?

When they are too big to diffuse through the membrane

How do large molecule get through? What helps?

Protein within the cell membrane

Endocytosis

Cell absorbing outside to inside

What are the 4 examples of active transport?

endocytosis, pinocytosis, phagocytosis, exocytosis

Pinocytosis

Cell drinkers.