AP BIOLOGY CHAPTER 7

Grana

Stacks of thylakoid

Stroma

Fluid surrounding thylakoids

Where do the light reactions occur?

Thylakoids

Where does the cabin cycle occur?

Stroma

What are the main products of light reactions?

ATP, NADPH, O2

What drives ATP synthesis

Proton gradient across thylakoid membrane photophosphorylation

What is the first step of the Calvin cycle?

Carbon fixation: thrning to 3-PGA catalyzed by rubisco

What is the second step of the Calvin cycle?

Reduction 3-PGA reduced by NADPH and ATP

What is the third step of the Calvin cycle?

Regeneration (RuBP regenerated by ATP)

What is the product of the Calvin cycle?

G3P

What is the role of carotenoids?

Protect chlorophyll and absorb extra light

What light does Chlorophyll A absorb?

Blue violet and red

What light does chlorophyll b absorb?

Blue and orange

What are C3 plants?

Normal plants: excell in cooler wetter weather

What are C4 plants?

Accumulates C02 at night: Excells in hot less warm climates

CAM plants

Don’t open stomata during day: NIGHT PLANTS THAT EXCELL IN ERID ENVIRONMENTS IE: DESERT

What is the purpose of the ETC in thylakoids?

Pump H+ to make a proton gradient for ATP synthase

How many terms of the Calvin cycle does it take to make 1 G3P

3

What is rubisco?

Enzyme that fixes CO2 to RUBP

What is rubisco?

5 carbon sugar that combines with CO2 during carbon fixation

Where do caratenoids exist?

Only in higher energy waves

NADP+

Electron carrier in photosynthesis accepts electrons during light reactions

NADPH

Reduced form of NADP+ that carries high energy electrons from light reactions to Calvin cycle