unit 8 preservation

accelerate ( v )

/əkˈsel.ə.reɪt/

eg I accelerated to overtake the bus.

đẩy nhanh, tăng tốc

forestry ( n )

/ˈfɒr.ɪ.stri/

eg He studied forestry at Colorado State University.

lâm nghiệp

amphibian ( n )

/æmˈfɪb.i.ən/

eg Salamanders, frogs, and other amphibian life are particularly sensitive to extreme pH levels.

động vật lưỡng cư

arguably ( adv )

/ˈɑːɡ.ju.ə.bli/

eg: He is arguably the world's best football player.

có thể cho rằng

barren ( a )

/ˈbær.ən/

eg: We drove through a barren, rocky landscape.

cằn cỗi

biosphere ( n )

/ˈbaɪ.oʊ.sfɪr/

eg With a massive impact, a biosphere gets another chance.

sinh quyển

canopy ( n )

/ˈkæn.ə.pi/

eg Many animals live in the forest canopy.

vòm, mái che, tán cây

consequently ( adv )

/ˈkɒn.sɪ.kwənt.li/

eg I spent most of my money in the first week and consequently had very little to eat by the end of the holiday.

Do đó, bởi vậy

curb ( v )

/kɜːb/

eg You must try to curb on your bad temper

kiềm chế, nén lại, hạn chế

deforestation ( n )

/diːˌfɔːr.əˈsteɪ.ʃən/

eg Deforestation is destroying large areas of tropical rain forest.

sự phá rừng

reforestation

/ˌriː.fɔːr.əˈsteɪ.ʃən/

Reforestation has replaced some desert areas.

sự tái trồng rừng

Afforestation ( n )

/əˌfɔːr.əˈsteɪ.ʃən/

sự trồng rừng

forestation ( n )

sự trồng rừng

degradation ( n )

/ˌdeɡ.rəˈdeɪ.ʃən/

eg environmental degradation

sự suy thoái,mất giá

deliberate ( a )

/dɪˈlɪb.ər.ət/

eg We made a deliberate decision to live apart for a while.

thận trọng, có tính toán, chủ tâm, có suy nghĩ cân nhắc

evidently ( a )

/ˈev.ə.dənt.li/

eg He was evidently upset by the news of the accident.

hiển nhiên, rõ ràng

excessive ( a )

/ekˈses.ɪv/

eg Excessive exercise can sometimes cause health problems.

quá mức, thừa

expenditure ( n )

eg It's part of a drive to cut government expenditure.

sự tiêu dùng

furrow ( n )

/ˈfʌr.əʊ/

eg A deep furrow has formed in the rock, where water has run over it for centuries.

luống cày

indigenous ( a )

/ɪnˈdɪdʒ.ɪ.nəs/

eg He studied Mixtec, an indigenous language of Mexico.

bản xứ, bản địa

indisputably ( a )

/ˌɪn.dɪˈspjuː.tə.bli/

eg The Prado museum indisputably holds the world's greatest collection of Spanish paintings.

hiển nhiên, không thể bàn cãi thêm

integrity ( a )

/ɪnˈteɡ.rə.t̬i/

eg No one doubted that the president was a man of the highest integrity.

tính toàn bộ, toàn vẹn, nguyên vẹn,liêm chính

ironic ( a )

/aɪˈrɒn.ɪk/

eg It is ironic that although many items are now cheaper to make, fewer people can afford to buy them.

mỉa mai, châm biếm

Justification ( n )

/ˌdʒʌs.tɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/

eg There is no justification for treating people so badly.

sự bào chữa, sự biện hộ

logging ( n )

eg: the logging industry is doing harm to environment

việc khai thác gỗ

microbial ( a )

/maɪˈkrəʊ.bi.əl/

thuộc vi trùng vi khuẩn

moral ( a )

/ˈmɒr.əl/

eg It's her moral obligation to tell the police what she knows.

có đạo đức

perspective ( n )

/pəˈspek.tɪv/

eg Her attitude lends a fresh perspective to the subject.

quan điểm

porous ( a )

/ˈpɔː.rəs/

rỗ, có nhiều lỗ rỗng

\
primate ( n )

/ˈpraɪ.meɪt/

linh trưởng

ranching ( n )

/ˈrɑːn.tʃɪŋ/

chăn nuôi gia súc

regulate ( v )

/ˈreɡ.jə.leɪt/

eg Her mother strictly regulates how much TV she can watch.

điều hòa,điều tiết

regulation

/ˌreɡ.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/

(n) sự điều chỉnh, điều lệ, quy tắc

reprocess ( v )

/ˌriːˈprəʊ.ses/

eg to reprocess nuclear waste

tái xử lí

reclaim ( v )

/rɪˈkleɪm/

eg I reclaimed my suitcase from the lost luggage office.

cải tạo

sewage ( n )

/ˈsuː.ɪdʒ/

eg Some cities in the world do not have proper facilities for the disposal of sewage.

nước thải

rubbish ( n )

eg I forgot to put the rubbish out this morning.

rác thải

garbage ( n )

/ˈɡɑː.bɪdʒ/

rác thải, phế liệu

litter

rác vụn ( bị xả )

trash

rác rưởi

sluggish ( a )

/ˈslʌɡ.ɪʃ/

eg A heavy lunch makes me sluggish in the afternoon.

chậm chạp, lờ đờ

specifically ( a

) /spəˈsɪf.ɪ.kəl.i/

eg These jeans are designed specifically for women.

một cách cụ thể, rõ ràng

spongy ( a ) /ˈspʌn.dʒi/

eg The ground was damp and spongy.

như bọt biển, xốp, thấm nước

stabilize ( v )

/ˈsteɪ.bəl.aɪz/

eg In China, the policy of one child per family was introduced to stabilize the country's population at 1.6 billion.

làm ổn định

stability ( n )

/stəˈbɪl.ə.ti/

eg a period of political stability

sự ổn định

\
stink ( v )

/stɪŋk/

eg The morning after the party, the whole house stank of beer and cigarettes.

bốc mùi hôi

susceptible ( a )

/səˈsep.tə.bəl/

eg These plants are particularly susceptible to frost.

dễ bị tổn thương, dễ mắc phải

topsoil ( n )

lớp đất bề mặt, tầng đất mặt

unequivocally ( a )

/ˌʌn.ɪˈkwɪv.ə.kəl.i/

eg She unequivocally denied the allegations.

một cách rõ ràng, không mập mờ

unobstructed ( a)

eg All fire exits were well marked and unobstructed.

không bị tắc nghẽn, không bị cản trở

wasteful ( a )

eg It's wasteful the way you throw so much food away!

lãng phí

a detailed action plan

bản chi tiết kế hoạch hành động

allow/permit sb from doing st \= let sb do st

cho phép ai làm gì

at risk of \= in danger of

có nguy cơ, gặp nguy hiểm

Be furious/angry with sb for st/doing st

tức giận với ai về cái gì/ vì đã làm gì

cooperate with

hợp tác với

dispose of\=get rid of

loại bỏ, xử lí

import st from

nhập khẩu từ đâu

export st to

xuất khẩu tới đâu

keep out of

tránh xa

live in harmony with\= coexist peacefully with

chung sống hòa bình

take action to do

hành động làm gì

productivity ( n )

/ˌprɒd.ʌkˈtɪv.ə.ti/

eg Our main objective is to improve the company's productivity.

năng suất

abandon ( v )

/əˈbæn.dən/

eg As a baby he was abandoned by his mother.

từ bỏ, bỏ rơi

adjoin

/əˈdʒɔɪn/

eg The stables adjoin the west wing of the house.

(v) nối liền, tiếp giáp với.

deprive ( v )

/dɪˈpraɪv/

eg He claimed that he had been deprived of his freedom

tước đoạt, lấy đi

scrap ( n )

eg we reuse bags,old clothing and scrap paper at home

mảnh, mẫu nhỏ, vụn

go green

eg : to go green is to practice simple green lifestyle

theo lối sống thân thiện với môi trường

enact ( v )

eg A package of economic sanctions is to be enacted against the country.

ban hành ( luật )

empower ( v )

eg The first step in empowering the poorest sections of society is making sure they vote.

trao quyền

spring up

xuất hiện đột ngột

content ( n )

nội dung, sự hài lòng

sake /seɪk/

eg for the sake of the environment and for the people who live in it, we must eliminate pollution immediately

mục đích,lợi ích

contend ( v )

đấu tranh, tranh luận

particularly ( a )

/pə´tikjuləli/

eg I didn't particularly want to go, but I had to.

một cách đặc biệt

appreciate ( v )

/əˈpriː.ʃi.eɪt/

eg There's no point buying him expensive wines - he doesn't appreciate them.

đánh giá cao

encounter ( n )

/ɪnˈkaʊn.tər/

chạm trán, bắt gặp, đụng độ, đọc sức

dispute ( v )

eg They have been unable to settle/resolve the dispute over working conditions.

tranh cãi

reluctant ( a )

/rɪˈlʌk.tənt/

eg Many parents feel reluctant to talk openly with their children.

miễn cưỡng

hesitant ( a )

/ˈhez.ɪ.tənt/

eg You seemed a bit hesitant about recommending that restaurant - is something wrong with it?

do dự, ngập ngừng

initiate ( v )

/ɪˈnɪʃ.i.eɪt/

eg Who initiated the violence?

khởi xướng

commence ( v )

/kəˈmens/

eg Shall we let the meeting commence?

bắt đầu, mở đầu, khởi đầu

stroke (n,v )

cú đánh, cú đòn;, sự vuốt ve,đột quỵ

trivial ( a )

/ˈtrɪv.i.əl/

eg I don't know why he gets so upset about something so trivial.

tầm thường , không đáng kể,nhỏ nhặt

\
beneath (prep)

/bɪˈniːθ/

eg Jaime hid the letter beneath a pile of papers.

ở dưới, dưới thấp

myriad

/ˈmɪr.i.əd/

eg And now myriads of bars and hotels are opening up along the coast.

vô số

Worm

eg The kiwi bird eats worms, other invertebrates, and berries.

sâu, gián, trùng

reptile ( n )

/ˈrep.taɪl/

eg Birds, fish, mammals, amphibians, and reptiles are all vertebrates ( có xương sống )

loài bò sát

intact ( a )

eg keep it healthy and intact

nguyên vẹn

compress ( v )

/kəmˈpres/

eg I managed to compress ten pages of notes into four paragraphs

nén, ép

eventually ( a )

cuối cùng

residue ( n )

/ˈrez.ɪ.dʒuː/

eg The white residue in/on the kettle is a result of minerals in the water.

phần còn lại, phần cặn, dư

put out

dập tắt

in exchange\=in turn

đổi lại

sterile ( a ) /ˈster.aɪl/

cằn cỗi

bountiful ( a)

rộng rãi, hào phóng, dồi dào

obliterate

/əˈblɪt.ər.eɪt/

eg All of a sudden the view was obliterated by the fog.

xoá sạch, phá huỷ sạch

epidemic (n )

/ˌep.ɪˈdem.ɪk/eg flu epidemic

bệnh dịch

drastic

eg allow a more drastic temperature variation from day to night

mạnh mẽ, quyết liệt

eradicate

/ɪˈræd.ɪ.keɪt/

eg eradicate corruption

diệt trừ, xóa bỏ