Studied by 42 peopleculture
all of a group's learned behaviors, actions, beliefs, and traditions
cultural traits
the visible and invisible elements of a culture
cultural complex
series of interrelated cultural traits
cultural hearth
The area in which a unique culture or a specific trait develops
taboos
behaviors that are heavily discouraged by a culture
Traditional Culture
Passing down long-held beliefs, values, and practices and are generally resistant to rapid changes in their culture. Used to encompass all three cultural designations.
folk culture
The beliefs and practices of small, homogenous groups of people, often living in rural areas that are relatively isolated and slow to change
popular culture
when cultural traits spread over a large area and are adopted by various groups
global culture
When elements of popular culture are adopted worldwide
indigenous community
communities that live within geographically distinct traditional habitats or ancestral territories who identify themselves as being apart of a distinct group
urbanization
the movement of people or cultures to towns and cities
globalization
the expansion of economic, political, and cultural processes to where they become global in scale and impact
material culture
physical objects and belongings of members of a group of people
artifacts
the material manifestations of a culture
mentifacts
the elements of a culture that express values and beliefs
non-material culture
non-physical ideas that people have about their culture
sociofacts
the institutions and links between individuals and groups that unite a culture
architecture
the act of designing and constructing buildings
cultural landscape
visible reflection if the culture of built environment
traditional architecture
a style that reflects a local culture's history, beliefs, values, and community adaptations that typically utilize locally available resources
post modern architecture
a movement away from boxy, mostly concrete or brick structures toward high rise structures made from steel or glass and the use of bright colors, curves, and atriums are also common
land-use patterns
the use of land for various purposes or activities
linguistic characteristics
the features of a language
gender
the difference between men and women
religion
a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny
ethnic neighborhood
usually in the urban areas are occupied by migrants in a charter groups former space
diaspora
a population that is scattered across a region which are separate from its place of origin
christianity
a monotheistic religion that is based on the life and teachings of Jesus
islam
a monotheistic faith of the muslims that is based on mahammed and the prophet of allah
buddhism
a religion represented by the many groups that profess various forms of the buddhist doctrine
sikhism
a monotheistic religion founded in northern india by guru nanak combining elements of Hinduism and Islam
hinduism
the monotheistic religion of most people in india, bangladesh, sri lanka, and nepal that is based around karma that works closely with a caste system
judaism
a monotheistic faith of jews who practice a religion based on the torah and the talmud
sequent occupancy
successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place to contribute to the cumulative cultural landscape
cultural relativism
the concept that a person's or group's beliefs, values, norms, and practices should be understood from the perspective of the other group's culture
ethnocentrism
belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group
ethnicity
membership in a group if people who share characteristics such as ancestry, language, customs, history, and common experiences
sense of place
state of mind derived through the infusion of a place with meaning and emotion by remembering important events that occurred in that place or by labeling a place with a certain character
placemaking
used as an urban planning practice to motivate people to get involved with the spaces closest to them
centripetal force
those that unify a group of people or a region
centrifugal force
those that divide a group of people or a region
relocation diffusion
the spread of culture and or cultural traits by people who migrate and carry their cultural traits with them
expansion diffusion
the spread of culture and or cultural traits outward through exchange without migration
contagious diffusion
occurs when a cultural trait spreads continuously outward from its hearth through contact among people
hierarchical diffusion
the spread of diffusion outward from the most interconnected places or from centers of wealth and influence
reverse hierarchical diffusion
when a cultural trait diffuses from a group of lower status to a group of higher status
stimulus diffusion
when an underlying idea from a cultural hearth is adopted by another culture but the adopting group modifies or rejects one trait
creolization
he process by which elements of different cultures are blended together to create a new culture
lingua franca
a common language used by speakers of different languages
colonialism
a particular type of imperialism in which people move and settle on the land of another country
imperialism
includes a variety of ways of influencing another country or group of people by direct conquest, economic control, or cultural dominance
indigenous language
a language that is spoken by the original, aboriginal, first, first nation, native, ethnic, or island inhabitants of a place, area, or region
social constructs
are ideas, concepts, or perceptions that have been created and accepted by people in a society or a social group and are not created by nature
time-space convergence
the greater interconnections between places that results from improvements in transportation
cultural convergence
cultures are becoming similar to each other and sharing more cultural traits, ideas, and beliefs
cultural divergence
the idea that a culture may change over time as the elements of distance, time, physical separation, and modern technology create divisions and changes
language family
a group of different languages that all descend from a particular common language
dialect
the usage or vocabulary that is characteristic of a specific group of people
islogloss
the boundaries between variations in pronunciation or word usage
indo-european language family
a large group of languages that might have descended from a language spoken nearly 6000 years ago
universalizing religion
seeks converts to its faith regardless of their ethnicity, language, social status, or nationality
ethnic religion
belief traditions that emphasize strong cultural characteristics among their followers
polytheistic
having many gods
monotheistic
believing that there is only one god
acculturation
the process of a group moving to a new area and adopting the values and practices of the larger group that has received them while still maintaining valuable elements of their own culture
assimilation
when an ethnic group can no longer be distinguished from the receiving group
syncretism
the fusion or blending of two distinctive cultural traits into a unique new hybrid trait
multiculturalism
the coexistence of several cultures in one society with the ideal of all cultures being valued and worthy of study
nativism
policy of protecting the interests of native-born
cultural appropriation
the process by which cultures adopt customs and knowledge from other cultures and use them for their own benefit
Indigenous Culture
When members of an ethnic group reside in their ancestral lands, and typically possess unique cultural traits
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