fxs of the skeletal sys
support body
protect organs
movement
blood formation (bone marrow)
mineral storage and balance
detoxification (remove metals from blood and slowly release them)
4 components of the skeletal system
blood
cartilage
tendons
ligaments
factors that affect bone growth
genes
nutrition
exercise
mineral deposition
mineral resorption
vitamins
hormones
most common type of bone in the body
long bones
diaphysis
shaft of a long bone
epiphysis
end of a long bone. expanded to provide extra SA for ligaments and tendons to attach
metaphysis
space between diaphysis and epiphysis
epiphyseal line
line that forms when bone growth stops and compact bone grows into epiphyseal plate
periosteum
tough connective sheath that covers outer surface of all bones. protects bones and anchors BVs and nerves to outer surface of bone
medullary cavity
hollow cylinder inside the diaphysis. contains bone marrow.
-oste-
bone
-physis
growth
-phys-
grow
-por-
opening
-clast
break down
meta-
beyond, after, subsequent to
classes of joints
fibrous joints
cartilaginous joints
synovial joints
fibrous joints
2 bones tightly bound with no joint space
cartilaginous joints
join 2 bones with cartilage
synovial joints
join 2 bones with fibrocartilage
bursa
extension of synovial joint that forms a cushion that would otherwise rub against each other
articul-
joint
gomph-
bolt, nail
-chondr-
cartilage
-desm-
bind
-ation
process
-ate
pertaining to
-ar
pertaining to
flexion
bending
extension
straightening
abduction
movement away from midline
adduction
movement towards midline
prone
lying facedown
supine
lying face up
pronation
rotate forearm so palm faces the floor
supination
rotate forearm so palm faces upward
-duct-
lead
pronat-
bend down
supinat-
bend backward
axial skeleton
vertebral column
skull
rib cage
frontal bone
forehead
parietal bones
bulging sides and roof of cranium
occipital bone
back and base of head
temporal bones
2 sides and part of base
sphenoid bone
part of base and the orbits
ethmoid bone
part of nose and orbits. is hollow for sinuses.
the skull bones are joined by ____
sutures
maxillary bones
upper jaw, hold upper teeth
palatine bones
behind maxilla
zygomatic bones
cheekbones
lacrimal bones
medial wall of eye orbit
nasal bones
sides and bridges of nose
vomer bone
separates nasal cavity
nasal conchae
fragile bones in lower nasal cavity
mandible
lower jawbone. holds lower teeth.
ethm-
sieve
lacrim-
tears
occipit-
back of head
sphen-
wedge
zygomat-
cheekbone
acrom-
acromion
carp-
bones of the wrist
-condyle
knuckle
uln-
forearm bone
pelvic girdle fxs
supports axial skeleton
transmits body's weight to lower limbs
provides attachment to lower limbs
protects internal organs
labrum
cartilage that forms a rim around the socket of a joint. cushions joint and keeps head of femur in place
femor-
femur
isch/i
ischium
pelv-
pelvis
pub-
pubis
ili-
ilium
4 bones of knee
femur
tibia
patella
fibula
calcaneus
heelbone
talus
most superior of 7 tarsal bones of ankle and proximal foot
calcan-
calcaneus
-tars-
ankle
tars-
tarsus
meta-
behind
osteoporosis
abnormal loss of bony tissue resulting in fragile porous bones attributable to a lack of calcium
ostopenia
low bone density
osteomyelitis
inflammation of an area of bone due to bacterial infection
osteomalacia
disease caused by vitamin D deficiency
achondroplasia
occurs when long bones stop growing in childhood. but bones of axial skeleton aren't affected
most common malignant bone tumor
osteogenic sarcoma
osteogenesis imperfecta
rare genetic disorder, producing brittle bones that easily fracture
fract-
break
comminut-
break into small pieces
-placed
in an area
-stick
branch, twig
-pact-
driven in
-complete
fill in
line-
a mark
spir-
a coil
-verse
travel
-ure
result of
-ed
pertaining to
osteoarthritis
caused by breakdown and eventual destruction of cartilage in a joint
rheumatoid arthritis
affects synovial membrane that lines joints and tendons
bursitis
inflammation of a bursa that can result from overuse of a joint
burs-
bursa