Skeletal System

fxs of the skeletal sys

1. support body
2. protect organs
3. movement
4. blood formation (bone marrow)
5. mineral storage and balance
6. detoxification (remove metals from blood and slowly release them)

4 components of the skeletal system

1. blood
2. cartilage
3. tendons
4. ligaments

factors that affect bone growth

1. genes
2. nutrition
3. exercise
4. mineral deposition
5. mineral resorption
6. vitamins
7. hormones

most common type of bone in the body

long bones

diaphysis

shaft of a long bone

epiphysis

end of a long bone. expanded to provide extra SA for ligaments and tendons to attach

metaphysis

space between diaphysis and epiphysis

epiphyseal line

line that forms when bone growth stops and compact bone grows into epiphyseal plate

periosteum

tough connective sheath that covers outer surface of all bones. protects bones and anchors BVs and nerves to outer surface of bone

medullary cavity

hollow cylinder inside the diaphysis. contains bone marrow.

-oste-

bone

-physis

growth

-phys-

grow

-por-

opening

-clast

break down

meta-

beyond, after, subsequent to

classes of joints

1. fibrous joints
2. cartilaginous joints
3. synovial joints

fibrous joints

2 bones tightly bound with no joint space

cartilaginous joints

join 2 bones with cartilage

synovial joints

join 2 bones with fibrocartilage

bursa

extension of synovial joint that forms a cushion that would otherwise rub against each other

articul-

joint

gomph-

bolt, nail

-chondr-

cartilage

-desm-

bind

-ation

process

-ate

pertaining to

-ar

pertaining to

flexion

bending

extension

straightening

abduction

movement away from midline

adduction

movement towards midline

prone

lying facedown

supine

lying face up

pronation

rotate forearm so palm faces the floor

supination

rotate forearm so palm faces upward

-duct-

lead

pronat-

bend down

supinat-

bend backward

axial skeleton

1. vertebral column
2. skull
3. rib cage

frontal bone

forehead

parietal bones

bulging sides and roof of cranium

occipital bone

back and base of head

temporal bones

2 sides and part of base

sphenoid bone

part of base and the orbits

ethmoid bone

part of nose and orbits. is hollow for sinuses.

the skull bones are joined by ____

sutures

maxillary bones

upper jaw, hold upper teeth

palatine bones

behind maxilla

zygomatic bones

cheekbones

lacrimal bones

medial wall of eye orbit

nasal bones

sides and bridges of nose

vomer bone

separates nasal cavity

nasal conchae

fragile bones in lower nasal cavity

mandible

lower jawbone. holds lower teeth.

ethm-

sieve

lacrim-

tears

occipit-

back of head

sphen-

wedge

zygomat-

cheekbone

acrom-

acromion

carp-

bones of the wrist

-condyle

knuckle

uln-

forearm bone

pelvic girdle fxs

1. supports axial skeleton
2. transmits body's weight to lower limbs
3. provides attachment to lower limbs
4. protects internal organs

labrum

cartilage that forms a rim around the socket of a joint. cushions joint and keeps head of femur in place

femor-

femur

isch/i

ischium

pelv-

pelvis

pub-

pubis

ili-

ilium

4 bones of knee

1. femur
2. tibia
3. patella
4. fibula

calcaneus

heelbone

talus

most superior of 7 tarsal bones of ankle and proximal foot

calcan-

calcaneus

-tars-

ankle

tars-

tarsus

meta-

behind

osteoporosis

abnormal loss of bony tissue resulting in fragile porous bones attributable to a lack of calcium

ostopenia

low bone density

osteomyelitis

inflammation of an area of bone due to bacterial infection

osteomalacia

disease caused by vitamin D deficiency

achondroplasia

occurs when long bones stop growing in childhood. but bones of axial skeleton aren't affected

most common malignant bone tumor

osteogenic sarcoma

osteogenesis imperfecta

rare genetic disorder, producing brittle bones that easily fracture

fract-

break

comminut-

break into small pieces

-placed

in an area

-stick

branch, twig

-pact-

driven in

-complete

fill in

line-

a mark

spir-

a coil

-verse

travel

-ure

result of

-ed

pertaining to

osteoarthritis

caused by breakdown and eventual destruction of cartilage in a joint

rheumatoid arthritis

affects synovial membrane that lines joints and tendons

bursitis

inflammation of a bursa that can result from overuse of a joint

burs-

bursa