Biopsych Exam 1 Quiz Questions

The ___________ procedure allows for the labeling of bundles of axons in the living human brain.

diffusion tensor imaging

If a temporary disruption of neural activity is produced in a local brain region, it is likely caused by ______________

injection of muscimol

What procedure would involve a stereotaxic apparatus?

Deep brain stimulation

Which statement is true of MRI scans?

They show greater spatial resolution than do CT scans

Which statement is consistent with the monistic view of the mind–body question?

The mind is generated through the physical actions of the brain.

Which statement represents a problem for interpreting the effects of a brain lesion on behavior?

No one circuit is solely responsible for a behavior

A key advantage of the fMRI technique is that the method can_____________.

record more detailed information about the neural activity of particular brain regions

____________ is a skull landmark that also serves as a reference point for stereotaxic surgery.

Bregma

What was Pierre Flourens scietific idea?

use of ablation to study brain-behavior relations

René Descartes argued that __________.

Animals are mechanical devices whose behavior is controlled by environmental stimuli

The doctrine of specific nerve energies was proposed by ________.

Johannes Muller

Experimental ablation involves __________.

the study of changes in function after intentional damage to a portion of the brain

Which of these is not included in the central nervous system?

Sensory neurons

What is the functional unit of the nervous system?

Neurons

True or False? The synaptic cleft is the space between the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes.

True

True or False? Information generally flows from the postsynaptic membrane, through the synaptic cleft to the presynaptic membrane

False

Oligodendrocytes provide myelin sheathing for neurons in the peripheral nervous system

False

Which glial cell in the brain has the closest function to the Schwann cells?

Oligodendrocytes

In multiple sclerosis, the disruption of the __________ is the primary source of disease onset and symptomology

axonal myelin sheath

The brain and spinal cord make up the _________ nervous system

central

the nerves and sensory organs make up the _________ nervous system.

peripheral

When an impulse enters a neuron, it is received by the ________ and passed to the next cell via the ___________.

dendrite; axon

Which statement is true regarding the action potential?

It is always of the same amplitude and duration in a given cell.

To cross the synapse between two cells, a ____________ is released from the first cell (pre-synapse) to activate or inhibit the second cell (post-synapse).

Neurotransmitter

The membrane of a nerve cell is composed of ____________.

A double layer of lipid molecules

Which of the following cells are important for the removal of nerve cell debris?

Microglia

The interior of a neuron at rest __________.

is negatively charged relative to the outside

Movement of the axon membrane potential from -70 mV to -90 mV would be termed _____________

hyperpolarization

A node of Ranvier is created by _______.

the gap between separate pieces of myelin, formed either by oligodendrocytes or Schwann cells

The process by which similarly charged particles repel each other and are thus distributed throughout a medium is termed ____________

electrostatic pressure

______________ are negatively charged particles

Anions

Which statement is true of the sodium-potassium pump?

More sodium ions are removed than potassium ions brought in

Which pairing of receptor type and action is correct?

ionotropic; direct opening of an ion channel

Damage to the amygdala would be expected to alter________.

emotions

Which is not a lobe of the cortex?

Cerebellum

The lateral ventricles would be considered __________ of the third ventricles.

Dorsal

The term ___________ refers to structures that are found on opposite sides of the body.

Contralateral

The occipital lobe would be considered __________ to the parietal lobe.

caudal

Which of the following would be expected after damage to the area rostral of the central sulcus?

Difficulty with motor movements

Damage to the basal ganglia would be expected to produce difficulties in ___________.

Motor movements

A ___________ is a bulge located between adjacent grooves in the surfaces of the human cortex.

Gyrus

To chase a moving object, an animal would need (a) functioning ________.

superior colliculi

The association regions of the left and right hemispheres are interconnected via the axons of the _____________.

corpus callosum

Which is not one of the meninges?

Cerebrospinal fluid

Which statement is true of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

CSF flows from the lateral ventricles toward the fourth ventricle.

Identify the correct pairing of the thalamic nucleus with its projection path to cortex.

Lateral geniculate nucleus; projects to primary visual cortex

A key function of the cerebellum is the ____________.

performance of coordinated motor movements

The __________ is the most caudal portion of the brain stem.

medulla oblongata

Which is not a function of the hypothalamus?

Plays a role in reward and reinforcement learning

The middle layer of the brain meninges is the ________________.

arachnoid membrane

The gray matter in the brain ____________

is composed mostly of the cell bodies of neurons

Which of these is not one of the three standard cross sections utilizing anatomical conventions?

Medial

The primary auditory cortex is located within the ___________ cortical lobe.

Temporal

Administration of a drug that blocks acetylcholinesterase in the brain would be expected to ____________.

increase the amount of acetylcholine in the synapse

The primary route of excretion of drugs from the body is via the ___________.

kidneys

Which neurotransmitter is associated with excitotoxicity?

Glutamate

Serotonin is synthesized from_____________.

tryptophan

__________ is an excitatory amino acid transmitter

Glutamate

_________ is an inhibitory amino acid transmitter.

GABA

A drug that binds at a postsynaptic site different from that of the neurotransmitter and prevents the opening of ion channels would be termed a(n) _____________.

indirect antagonist

Repeated administration of a constant drug dose typically produces ___________

tolerance

The effective does 50 (ED 50) value for Drug A is 2.0 mg/kg, while its lethal dose 50 (LD50) value is 8 mg/kg. Which of the following is true of Drug A?

Drug A has a therapeutic index of 4.0.

Which of the following drugs is known to inhibit the release of ACh?

botulinum toxin

Which statement is true of the relationship between drug affinity and drug effects?

A drug with a high affinity for a receptor will exert an effect at a low dose.

Drugs that block or inhibit postsynaptic receptor effects are termed ___________.

antagonists

Binding affinity refers to

The propensity of molecules of a drug to bind to receptors