American History Exam 1

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Elastic Clause

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497 Terms

1

Elastic Clause

allows congress to do what is “necessary and proper” for new or modern issues

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2

Bill of Rights

The 1st 10 Amendments to the Constitution

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3

Democracy

rule by the people; citizens vote directly on a policy

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4

Republic

representatives chosen by the people’s vote

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5

Noah Webster

History of the United States

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6

Legislative

makes laws;

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7

Executive Branch

enforces the laws;

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8

Judicial Branch

Interprets the laws;

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9

Checks and Balances

each branch of government “checks” and watches over the other branches so that they do not abuse their power

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10

Massachusetts and Connecticut

state religions were strictly enforced

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11

Maryland

haven for Catholics

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12

Rhode Island

known for religious freedom

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13

Baptists

led the fight for religious freedom (Isaac Backus)

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14

Alexis de Tocqueville

Democracy in America (evaluation of American life)

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15

Napoleon Bonaparte

overthrew the directory and sought to cooperate with American needs

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16

Naturalization Act

increased the time of citizen eligibility based on residence from 5 years to 14 years

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17

Alien Friends Act

authorized the president to order out of the country any aliens he deemed dangerous or suspicious

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18

Alien Enemies Act

authorized the president in time of declared war to imprison or banish aliens subject to enemy power

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19

Sedition Act

made it a crime to hinder the enforcement of a law; made it a crime to publish false scandalous and malicious statements against the government

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20

Kentucky and Virginia Legislatures

resolutions condemning the Alien and Sedition Acts

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21

12th Amendment

ended the election of opposing parties

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22

Judiciary Act of 1801

creation of 16 new Federal Judges

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23

1803

Louisiana Purchase

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24

1812-1815

War of 1812

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25

1814

Treaty of Ghent

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26

1815

Battle of New Orleans

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27

Thomas Jefferson

1801-1809

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28

James Madison

1809-1817

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29

Jefferson Era

power transferred from the Federalists to the Republicans; one of the most important periods of American politics

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30

James Madison

Jefferson’s secretary of state

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31

Albert Gallatin

Swiss financier who served as Jefferson’s Secretary of the Treasury

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32

West Point

military academy in New York

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33

Marbury vs. Madison

Judges appointed by Adams lost their positions after Jefferson withheld their appointments

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34

Judicial Review

The Supreme Court can nullify an unconstitutional act of Congress

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35

Sacagawea

personal guide to L&C

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36

Zebulon Pike

explored the southern portion of the Louisinia purchase (discovered “Pike’s Peak” in Colorado)

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37

Aaron Burr

Jefferson’s 1st Vice President

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38

Tripoli

A small nation in North Africa that was part of the Barbary States

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39

Stephen Decatur

Lieutenant who led America’s navy in the Tripolitan War

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40

1805

bombing of Tripoli

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41

Impressment

England continued to force American sailors to join the British navy

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42

Embargo Act

the stopping of American ships from trading with any European nation

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43

Non-Intercourse Act (1809)

reopened trade with Europe except England and France

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44

Macron Bill (1810)

opened trade with all nations

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45

The Prophet

Shawnee medicine man; died in this battle

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46

Tecumseh

Shawnee chief; brother of The Prophet who would lead a union of North American tribes against America

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47

state’s rights movement

What did the Alien Enemies Act and Sedition Act result in

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48

Adams, Jefferson, and Aaron Burr

Who were the 3 major candidates in the 1800 election

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49

Thomas Jefferson

Who did the House of Representatives chose to become president

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50

Midnight appointments

What are John Adam’s appointments called

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51

Federalist

What officials did Jefferson not immediately remove

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52

Robert Livingston

Who went to France to negotiate the purchase of New Orleans

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53

15 million

How much money was all of Louisinia offered

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54

Louisiana Purchase

What is known as the greatest real estate deal in American history

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55

Mandan Indians

Who helped Lewis and Clark on their journey

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56

Alexander Hamilton

Who did Aaron Burr kill

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57

Barbary States

What was the Tripoli a part of

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58

James Madison

Who did Thomas Jefferson support who ended up winning the election

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59

England and France

What 2 countries did the US not trade with after the Non-Intercourse act

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60

Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun

What 2 politicians demanded war with England

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61

William Henry Harrison

Who defeated the North American tribes in 1811

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62

June 18, 1812

What date did America declare war on England

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63

1789

Judiciary Act (Federal Court System)

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64

1792

Mint Act

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65

1801

Judiciary Act (Midnight Appointments)

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66

George Washington

1789-1797

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67

John Adams

1797-1801

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68

George Washington

Inaugurated in 1789

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69

Attorney General

handled legal affairs of the government

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70

Postmaster General

oversaw post offices and post roads

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71

Cabinet

President’s closest advisors

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72

Thomas Jefferson

Secretary of state

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73

Alexander Hamilton

Secretary of the Treasury

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74

Henry Knox

Secretary of War

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75

Edmund Randolph

Attorney General

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76

Samuel Osgood

Postmaster General

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77

John Jay

1st chief justice of the supreme court

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78

Domestic Debt

Debt owed to investors (Bonds) and (pay certificates)

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79

Bank notes

Paper money cashed in for gold and silver

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80

Strict Construction

argued the constitution should be interpreted as it was written

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81

Loose Construction

The constitution contains implied powers

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82

Protective Tariffs

Taxes on imported goods

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83

Excise tax

Laws that would tax homemade products

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84

1789

The storming of the Bastille; start of the French Revolution

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85

Louis VXI

king during the Revolution

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86

Citizen Genet

French diplomat who sought to garner support for the Revolution

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87

Impress

“kidnapping” and forcing American’s into the British Navy

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88

John Jay

Chief Justice who travelled to Great Britain to negotiate a treaty

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89

Jay Treaty (1795)

did not meet America’s standards

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90

Thomas Pinckney

sent to negotiate a treaty with Spain

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91

Pinckney Treaty

formed an official border between English territory and Spanish Florida

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92

Northwest Territory

opened for American colonization

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93

Battle of Fallen Timbers

American troops under the leadership of General Anthony Wayne defeated the Native Americans and began to colonize the Northwest

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94

XYZ Affair

An attempt to negotiate peace with France

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95

Department of the Navy

created in 1798 in preparation for war

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96

Bastille

What building did the French storm to begin the French Revolution

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97

Constitutional Republic

What type of government is America

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98

Congress

Who leads the Legislative branch

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99

President

Who leads the Executive Branch

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100

Supreme Court

Who leads the Judicial Branch

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