ANAT & PHYS: PLANES AND DIRECTIONS (Test 3)

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Medicine

11th

43 Terms

1

anatomical position

standing erect, with the palms and feet facing forward. This is the standard reference point in which all positions, movements, and planes are described

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2

sagittal/midsagittal plane

divides the body into right and left portions

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3

frontal/coronal plane

divides the body into front and back portions

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4

transverse/horizontal plane

divides the body into upper and lower portions

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5

superior

refers to a structure being closer to the head or higher than another structure in the body

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6

inferior

refers to a structure being closer to the feet or lower than another structure in the body

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7

anterior

refers to a structure being more in front than another structure in the body

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8

posterior

refers to a structure being more in back than another structure in the body

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9

medial

refers to a structure being closer to the midline or median plane of the body than another structure of the body

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10

lateral

refers to a structure being farther away from the midline than another structure of the body

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11

distal

with reference to the extremities only, refers to a structure being further away from the root of the limb than another structure in the limb

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12

proximal

with reference to the extremities only, refers to a structure being closer to the root of the limb than another structure in that limb

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13

superficial

refers to a structure being closer to the surface of the body than another structure

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14

deep

refers to a structure being closer to the core of the body than another structure

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15

ventral

toward the front/belly

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16

dorsal

toward the back

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17

prone

lying face down

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18

supine

lying face up

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19

unilateral

pertaining to one side of the body

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20

bilateral

pertaining to both sides of the body

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21

flexion

bending at a joint or decreasing the angle between two bones

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22

extension

straightening a joint or increasing the angle between two bones

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23

hyperextension

extending a joint beyond its normal range of motion

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24

adduction

moving a body part toward the midline of the body

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25

abduction

moving a body part away from the midline of the body

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26

pronation

turning the arm or foot downward (palm or sole of the foot down)

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27

supination

turning the arm or foot upward (palm or sole of the foot up)

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28

retraction

moving a part backward

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29

protraction

moving a part forward

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30

elevation

raising a part

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31

depression

lowering a part

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32

rotation

turning on a single axis

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33

circumduction

tri-planar, circular motion at the hip or shoulder

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34

external rotation

rotation of the hip or the shoulder away from midline

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35

internal rotation

rotation of the hip or shoulder toward the midline

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36

lateral flexion

side-bending left or right

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37

inversion

turning the sole of the foot inward

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38

eversion

turning the sole of the foot outward

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39

dorisflexion

ankle movement bringing the foot toward the shin

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40

plantarflexion

ankle movement pointing the foot downward

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41

radial deviation

movement of the wrist towards the radius or lateral side

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42

ulnar deviation

movement of the wrist towards the ulna or medial side

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43

opposition

movement of the thumb across the palm of the hand

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