Review for the Module 9 Part 1 test on Solids, Liquids and Gasses-ADV8

A comprehensive set of Q&A flashcards covering states of matter, Kinetic Molecular Theory, properties of liquids, phase changes, gas laws, and solids as described in the Module 9 Part 1 notes.

What is the Kinetic Molecular Theory?

A theory that explains the speed and arrangement of the molecules in a substance.

Which state of matter has a fixed shape and a fixed volume?

Solid.

Which state takes the shape of its container but has no fixed shape?

Liquid.

Which state has no fixed shape and no fixed volume, filling the container?

Gas.

How do particles move in a solid?

They vibrate in place.

How do particles move in a liquid?

They flow and slide past each other.

How do particles move in a gas?

They move rapidly in all directions and are in constant motion.

Which state has low energy?

Solids.

Which state has medium energy?

Liquids.

Which state has high energy?

Gases.

What is Surface Tension?

The attraction that causes liquid particles to cling to each other at the surface.

What does fluid mean in states of matter notes?

The ability of a substance to flow.

What is viscosity?

The resistance of a liquid to flow.

What is cohesion?

Attraction among like molecules (e.g., water molecules sticking to water).

What is adhesion?

Attraction of molecules of a substance to other substances or surfaces.

What does high specific heat mean for water?

Water resists temperature changes; it heats up and cools slowly.

What does density refer to in the context of states of matter?

How closely packed the particles are; ice is less dense than liquid water.

What is buoyancy?

The ability of an object to float in a fluid.

What does immiscibility mean?

Two liquids that do not mix to form a single phase.

What is capillarity?

Liquids moving through a small tube or porous material due to adhesion and cohesion.

Phase change: From solid to liquid with energy added is called?

Melting.

Phase change: From liquid to solid with energy removed is called?

Freezing.

Phase change: From solid to gas with energy added is called?

Sublimation.

Phase change: From liquid to gas with energy added is called?

Vaporization.

Phase change: From gas to solid with energy removed is called?

Deposition.

Phase change: From solid to gas with energy added is called?

Sublimation.

Phase change: From gas to liquid with energy removed is called?

Condensation.

What are the three variables used to measure gases?

Pressure, Temperature, and Volume.

Boiling and evaporation are subcategories of which process?

Vaporization.

Where does boiling occur compared to evaporation?

Boiling occurs throughout the liquid (including below the surface); evaporation occurs at the surface.

What is a crystalline solid?

A solid with particles arranged in a regular, repeating pattern and with a definite melting point.

What is an amorphous solid?

A solid with no regular pattern in particle arrangement and no definite melting point.

Give two examples of crystalline solids.

Sugar and salt.

Give three examples of amorphous solids.

Plastic, rubber, cotton candy.

What is Boyle’s Law?

Pressure and Volume are inversely proportional when Temperature is held constant.

What is Charles’ Law?

Volume is directly proportional to Temperature when Pressure is held constant.

What is Gay-Lussac’s Law?

Pressure is directly proportional to Temperature when Volume is held constant.

Which phase changes involve a constant temperature?

Melting, Freezing, Vaporization, Condensation, Sublimation, and Deposition.

During which phase changes does heat energy increase?

Melting, Vaporization, and Sublimation.

During which phase changes does heat energy decrease?

Freezing, Condensation, and Deposition.