Human the Sequel

Constantinople

Byzantine empire capitol, named after Constantine (New Rome)

Dardanelles

Very important waterway (link europe and asia)

Bosporus

Very important water way 2

Emperor Justinian

Height of the Byzantines (emperor who never sleeps)

Justinian’s code

Legal code; Code(contained useful roman laws,) Digest(summerized roman legal opinions,) Institutes(Guide for law students,) Novellae(laws passed after 534AD)

Empress Theodora

Justinian Wife and advisor, Womens Rights activist

Nika Revolt

532AD, threats towards Justinian over tax reforms, Justinian wanted to flee but his wife made him stay

Belisarius

General that helped crush the Nika Revolt, later win back the Roman lands

Greek fire

Basically Napalm, used in the navy (flammable pine sap, sulfur, and put into reed)

Patriarch of Constantinople

400AD, pledged to defend the Christian faith, can crown the emperor

Icons

Items that were symbolic and worshiped; seen as heresy

Iconoclasm

Believed icons were stinky poopoo garbage because it was idol worshipping (not in the 10 commandments)

Excommuninication

Denial of the sacraments

Lombards

Invaded Italy, and the byzantine emperor refused to help the pope

Franks

Germanic catholics, drove lombards out of rome

Pepin the Short

Given the title Holy Roman Emperor by the Pope, caused major division in the church

Holy Roman Emperor

Caused major division in the church

Silk Road

became major trading route

Pantokrater

Byzantine icon of Christ

Squinch

a straight or arched structure across an interior angle of a square tower to carry a superstructure such as a dome.

Pendentive

Strung from four massive support piers up to a drum, and then to the shallow dome above

St. Cyril

860AD Created alphabet for the slavic people of eastern europe

Cyrillic Alphabet

Alphabet made by St Cyril, still used today

Seljuk Turks

Moved closer to Constantinople, almost took it, and weakened the empire

The Crusades

Take back the holy land (FAILED MISERABLY)

Ottoman Turks

Laid siege to Constantinople and took it after 6 weeks

Istanbul

renamed Constantinople

5 Levels of the feudal pyramid

Monarch, Noble, Knight, Merchant, Serf

Manor

Self sufficient agricultural estate run by a lord

Serf

Peasant bound to land and didnt own land

Wattle-and-daub

Serf Shack

Soap’s recipe

Sheeps fat with ashes and soda mixed in

Ale

made from grain and water, fermented with yeast, had hops

Feast Days

50 a year, food party

Trade

increased in agriculture allow for

Venice

Northern city in Italy, has ties to byzantines and middle east

The crucades

Introduced Middle eastern goods to the European markets

Bartering

Trade fairs where merchants exchanged good

Burghers

residents of the city Borgoise

Charter

freedoms from their local lords, run their own affairs

patrician

Upper class that dominated politics

guilds

Business associations

Apprentice

Young boy around 10, learned to craft without pay

Craftsman

Teaches Aprentice

Journeymen

Upgrade from apprentice, gets paid

Masterpiece

Prerequisite to become Master Craftsman

Filippo Brunelleschi

Mirror guy for perspective, sculptor and architect

Leon Batista Alberti

Mathematician who made perspective cool.

Braccia

arms length measurement, Human is 3 braccia tall

Ground line

Rule by Leon, divided into 6 scale braccia

vanishing point

Single point on the horizon where everything comes together

Orthogonals

Lines that connect to the vanishing point

Horizon line

Place where the land and sky meet

Barocca

Irregular pearl

Chiaroscuro

Characteristic of a Baroque painting, lighting.

the symbolism of fruit

The good sweet things in life (sex and sin)

Triangular composition

Arrangement of things that makes your eye move on a path the whole time

Insect symbolism

represent having too much of a good thing

the five senses in a still life

sight sound smell taste touch

Vanitas

type of still life that tells you about the fleeting quality of life

Marilyn Vanitas

Symbolic of death and the ephemeral nature of life

Stratfor-upon-avon

Where shakespeare was born

Anne Hathaway

Shakespeare wife

Shakespeare Children

Susanna, Judith, Hamnet←Died at 11

Richard Burbage

Had an acting company where Shakespeare became a lead playwright for 2 decades

King James 1

Ascended to the throne and granted his royal patronage to shakespeare’s company which then became known as the kings men (1603)

Three types of plays Shakespeare wrote

Histories, tragedies, comedies

Common features in Shakespearean Tragedies

Fatal Flaw, Bigger they are harder they fall, external pressures

Macbeth

A Scottish Tragedy

The qualities of Shakespearean comedies

Comedy through language, love, complex plots, mistaken identities

What does a Shakespearean comedy usually end with?

A happy note

A Midsummer Night's Dream

A Shakespeare comedy

What defines a Shakespearean history?

About history

What are the qualities of Shakespearean histories?

provide equal measure of tragedy and comedy, go against medieval English history, they are not historically accurate, provide social commentary, explores the social structure of the time

Lambic pentameter

tool shakespeare always used when writing

Prose

Lower class characters who speak in prose (old ingles)

Iambus

Pair of syllables, one stressed one unstressed

Globe Theatre

The rhythmic structure of iambic pentameter (emphasized syllables)

A bunch of iambus’s lined up (stressed unstressed cycle)

Globe theater

Built by peter smith, opened by Shakespeare company

Groundlings

Poorer crowd that paid a penny for admission

Pit

Where the groundlings watched for a penny

Discovery Space

back of the stage which can be curtained off

Proscenium

Apron stage

Hut

Above the stage where special effects could be used

The 3 proposed alternate identities for Shakespeare

Christopher Marlow, Edward De Vere, Sir Francis Bacon