APUSH Chapter 6 Key Terms

Samuel de Champlain

The French Explorer and Soldier who founded Quebec and is considered the Father of "New France"

Quebec

The first Permanent French Settlement in North America, founded on the mouth of the St. Lawrence River. The Most European City in North America

Robert de La Salle

The French Explorer who led Expeditions down the Mississippi for the French, claiming land and naming places as he went.

Fort Necessity

The fort George Washington ordered the Construction of to try and repel a larger French force at the outset of the French and Indian War.

The French and Indian War/Seven Years War

The war started by Virginian land Speculators trying to enforce a claim to the Ohio River Valley Region. Fought between the French, Indians, and British but later escalated into a large global war consisting of The British and Prussians fighting against the French, Spanish, Austrians, and Russians on every continent.

Edward Braddock

The British General sent to lead a detachment of English troops in north America. He was accustomed to European style of warfare and almost immediately failed at his mission.

James Wolfe

The English General who led the expedition which succeeded in Capturing Quebec City during the French Indian War. Was killed in the assault but succeeded in dooming the French.

The Peace of Paris 1763

The Peace Treaty which ended the French Indian War and completely removed the French from Mainland North America. Granted the English all land east of the Mississippi and the Spanish all land west.

The Navigation Acts

An act which sought to eliminated economic competition with the French, Dutch, and Spanish by mandating that all products exported and imported to and from the colonies had to be carried on English ships.

Salutary Neglect

The period of time following the Glorious Revolution in which Britain only weakly enforced the trade laws placed on the north American colonies, like the navigation acts.

George Grenville

The British Prime minister in 1763 who ordered that the Navigation acts be strictly enforced by the British Navy. Continued to aggravate the Colonists by then pushing for the passing of the Sugar Act, Quartering Act, and then Stamp act.

Sugar Act of 1764

An acted which sought to raise revenue for the British government by taxing sugar among other provisions imported from the west indies.

Stamp Act of 1765

The act which placed a tax on nearly all printed products or documents in the colonies. After a tax was collected the document or paper would be stamped as proof.

Taxation without Representation

The idea which swept through teh colonies that it was completely unfair for the colonies to be taxed by a government they had no voice in.

Virtual Representation

George Greenville's idea that all Englishmen, including Americans, were represented by Parliament whether or not they had ever voted for a member.

Stamp Act Congress 1765

A meeting of 27 delegates from 9 colonies which drafted a statement of their grievances regarding the Stamp act to be sent to the King and Parliament to appeal for the repealing of it.

Non-Importation Agreements

Colonial boycots of British goods like textiles. One of the first stiles of colonial protest which brought the colonies together.

Sons of Liberty

A radical group of Colonial protesters who regularly resulted to violence. They sited liberty, property, and no stamps as they harassed Non-importation Agreement violators and unpopular British officials

Declaratory Act

The act passed immediately following the repealing of the Stamp act which affirmed Britain's absolute sovereignty over their North American colonies. Legally granted them the right to restrict the colonies however they wanted.

Charles Townshend

The Brilliant but erratic British Prime minister who succeeded Greenville. Made it his goal to pluck the feathers of the colonial goose with the least amount of squawking. Got the townshend acts passed.

Townshend Acts

A tax which placed light import duties on goods like paint, lead, tea, paper, and glass. Intended to not aggravate the colonists but still angered them anyways.

Boston Massacre

A clash between a group of British soldiers and a mob of boston residents. The soldiers where provoked and opened fire on the mob, killing 5 and injuring 6.

King George III

The King of England during the American Revolution. A notably incompetent leader who was hungry for power and so surrounded himself with yes men like his PM Lord North,

Lord North

The British prime minister during the American Revolution. Loyal to King George III. Repealed the Townshend Acts

Committees of Correspondence

A type of organization first founded by Samuel Adams which later spread to some 80+ other colonial towns or cities. Intended to spread the spirit of resistance by collaborating on a larger scale between towns and colonies. Maintained opposition to British Colonial policy.

British East India Company

A British Joint stock company which operated in and extracted goods from India. In 1773 was awarded a monopoly over the American Tea market in order to avoid bankruptcy.

Boston Tea Party

A group of a hundred Bostonian men loosely disguised as Indians boarded British Ships, smashed open crates of tea, and dumped them into the harbor to protest the tax placed on the beverage.

Coercive or Intolerable Acts

The series of acts labeled as unforgiveable attacks on the American people by the English Government. Included the closing of Boston Harbor, the restriction of Town Meetings, and the stripping away of many of the rights once ensured by the colonial charters.

First Continental Congress

One the first major responses to the intolerable acts in which 55 delegates from 12 of the 13 colonies met to discuss colonial grievances. Social gatherings following the meetings played a pivotal role in melting away intercolonial tensions.

Declaration of Rights

a document written by the First Continental Congress that stated the main concerns and wishes of the colonies

The Association

A more thorough nonimportation agreement which discouraged the importing from, exporting to, and consumption of British goods.

Lexington and Concord

The first battles of the Revolutionary War. The british commander in Boston sent a detachment to seize a colonial gunpowder store as well as Sam Adams and John Hancock. After minutemen defending the post refused to disperse shots were fired on them. The redcoats moved on to concord where they met a very large group of militia and were forced to retreat.

Minute Men

colonial militia members who were supposed to be ready to fight at a minute's notice.

Marquis de Lafayette

A french soldier from a noble family who at the age of 19 was made a General in the colonial army. Was crucial in securing aid for the Americans from the French. Served in the army and aided in funding it with his own private wealth.

Chief Pontiac’s War

A Final Indian uprising towards the French and Indian War which sought to get rid of the French and British permanently.

The Proclamation of 1763

The British Act following the French and Indian War which forbade colonists from settling west of the Appalachians so as to not step on native toes and start more wars the British would have to fight. Boundary marked by the Proclamation line.