Chapter 3: Integumentary System

What 4 important functions does the integumentary system serve?

* it acts as a two way protective barrier
* it regulates temperature
* it houses sensory receptors
* it secretes important fluids

Organs of the Integumentary System include:

* skin
* hair
* nails
* sebaceous glands
* sweat glands

albin/o

white

cauter/o

to burn

corpor/o

body

cry/o

cold

cutane/o

skin

derm/o, dermat/o

skin

diaphor/o

profuse sweating

electr/o

electricity

erythr/o

red

hindr/o

sweat

ichthy/o

scaly/dry

kerat/o

hard, horny

leuk/o

white

lip/o

fat

melan/o

black

myc/o

fungus

necr/o

death

onych/o

nail

pedicul/o

lice

phot/o

light

py/o

pus

rhytid/o

wrinkle

sarc/o

flesh

scler/o

hard

seb/o

oil

system/o

system

trich/o

hair

ungu/o

nail

vesic/o

bladder

xer/o

dry

\-derma

skin condition

allo-

other, different from usual

xeno-

foreign

the skin is the ___ organ in the body weighing more than 20 pounds

largest

the skin is also called the ___ and the ___ membrane

integument, cutaneous

the skin provides constant ___ to the body

protection

the skin forms a 2-way barrier that keeps ___, and ___ substances out

pathogens, harmful

the skin keeps ___ body fluids in

critical

the skin also protects the ____ ____, and ___

internal organs, tissues

sensory receptors are in the ___ layer of the skin

middle

sensory receptors detect a dumber of sensations including:

* temperature
* pain
* touch
* pressure

sweat ___ off the skin and creates a cooling effect

evaporates

sebaceous glands produce an oil called ___

sebum

sebum lubricates the skin and keeps it from becoming too ___

dry

___ blood vessels dilate to release heat through the skin

superficial

to conserve hear; superficial blood vessels ___ to prevent heat escaping through the skin

constrict

to conserve heat; subcutaneous layer serves as ___

insulation

The skin consists of 2 layers: the ____ is the thin outer membrane layer

epidermis

The skin consists of 2 layers: the ___ is the middle fibrous connective tissue layer

dermis

the ___ layer is an important layer of fatty tissue below the skin

subcutaneous

the epidermis is composed of ___ ____ ____

stratified squamous epithelium

stratified squamous epithelium are ___ and scale-like cells

flat

stratified squamous epithelium are arranged in overlapping layers called ___

strata

the epidermis has no ___ supply or ___ tissue

blood, connective

the ___ layer is the deepest layer of the epidermis; in this layer, cells, continuously grow and push old cells toward the surface; During this process, cells that are being pushed up shrink, die, and fill with keratin

basal

___ cells overlap and allow the skin to act as a waterproof barrier

keratinized

the basal layer also contains ____; produce the black pigment melanin that gives skin its color; protects the skin against UV rays of the sun

melanocytes

the ___ or corium is the deeper layer of skin; located between the epidermis and subcutaneous layer; a living tissue with a good blood supply; made of connective tissue and collagen fibers that give it strength

dermis

ridges formed in the dermis creates unique ___

fingerprints

a number of ___ are housed in the dermis including: hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands, blood and lymph vessels, sensory receptors and nerve fibers, muscle fibers

structures

the subcutaneous layer or ___ lies beneath the skin; it is composed of fat cells called ___ ; it protects the deeper tissues of body and acts as insulation against heat and cold

hypodermis, lipocytes

the hair is an ___ organ that consists of the follicle, root, shaft, and arrector pili muscle

accessory

hair grows as older, ___ cells are forced upward by new cells

keratinized

the hair arrector pili muscle contracts to make the hair ___ stand up

shaft

the main part of the nail is a flat plate of keratin called the nail ___

body

the nail body is connected to the underlying tissue by the nail ___

bed

the ___ is at the base of the nail

lunula

nail grows from the nail root which is covered by the ___

cuticle

the ___ ___ is the exposed part that must be trimmed

free edge

sebaceous glands release sebum directly into ___ ___

hair follicles

sebum lubricates hair and skin and prevents ___ and ___

drying and crackling

sebaceous secretions increase during _____, leading to acne

adolescence

secretions ___ with age, contributing to wrinkles and dry skin

decrease

sweat glands or _____ glands are coiled glands in the dermis

sudoiferous

sweat travels to the surface via a sweat ___ and exits to the surface via a sweat ___

duct, pore

most sweat is colorless and odorless, but sweat from ___ glands produces body odor

apocrine

albin/o

white

angi/o

vessel

bas/o

the base

chem/o

chemical

outer layer

cortic/o

cold

cry/o

skin

cutane/o

cell

cyt/o

skin

derm/o, dermat/o

profuse sweating

diaphor/o

electricity

electr/o

red

erythr/o

feeling

esthesi/o

blood

hem/o

sweat

hidr/o

scaly, dry

ichthy/o

hard, horny

kerat/o

white

leuk/o

fat

lip/o

black

melan/o

fungus

myc/o