The Thorax: Bones and Joints

Thorax

the upper part of the trunk, is a cage

composed of bones and cartilages, which affords protection for several very vital organs

Costovertebral

Between a rib and the body of a vertebrae

Costotransverse

Between a rib and a transverse process of a vertebrae

Sternocostal or costosternal

Between a rib cartilage and the sternum

costochondral

Between a rib and its costal cartilage

Interchondral

Between the adjacent anterior margins of costal cartilages of the 6th to 10th rib

Sternoclavicular

Between the sternum and the clavicle

Manubriosternal

Between the manubrium and the body of the sternum

Xiphisternal

Between the body of the sternum and its xiphoid process

Suprasternal notch

Jugular notch or ...

Sternum

Is a long bone that lies vertically in the midline of the anterior chest wall

Manubrium

The upper part and represents the handle of the sword

Clavicular notches

Depression on the upper surface of the manubrium

The body or gladiolus

Extends from the manubrium to the xiphoid process and is the largest part of the sternum

Sternal Angle (Angle of Louis or Ludwig)

Is marked by a prominent transverse ridge at the junction of the manubrium and the body of sternum

Xiphoid process

inferior portion of the sternum

Costal notches

Are niches on the lateral margins of the sternum

Ribs

Long, curved, flat bones that form the posterior wall, lateral walls and part of the anterior wall of the thorax

Head

Slightly expanded posterior end

neck

Slightly constricted part connecting the head to the body

Tubercle

Small prominence on the dorsal surface at the junction of the neck and body

The body

long flat, curved part that extends

from the neck around the chest wall. At its

lower margin there is a groove

Costal groove

For an intercostal artery, vein and nerve

Angle of a rib

is a prominence in front of the neck where the rib becomes bent anteriorly

The ventral or sternal extremity

Anterior end that articulates with its costal cartilages

First

The ... rib has 2 grooves running

transversely on its upper anterior surface

for the subclavian artery and vein.

1st, 10th, 11th, and 12th

The ... ribs have a single articular surface on the head, not two

11th and 12th

The ... ribs have no tubercles

Seven upper ribs

... ribs articulate with the sternum separately

8th, 9th, and 10th

... join cartilage of ribs above

11th and 12th

Have free anterior ends so are floating

Vertebrosternal

upper seven pairs

Vertebrochondral

8th, 9th, and 10th pairs

Vertebral ribs

11th and 12th pairs

Costal cartilages

Flat plates of cartilages similar in shape to the adjacent rib

Costal arch

curved formed by the

anterior margins of the 7th, 8th, 9th

and 10th costal cartilages on each side

and the rounded tip of the xiphoid

process.

Costochondral joints

Located at the anterior, or sternal, end of a rib

and the adjacent costal cartilage.

Sliding synovial joint

What kind of joint? Sternocostal or costosternal joints except 1st

Cartilaginous joint

What kind of joint? 1st sternocostal or costosternal joint

Gliding joint

What kind of joint? Sternoclavicular joint

Cartilaginous joint

What kind of joint? Manubriosternal joint

cartilaginous joint

What kind of joint? Xiphesternal or xiphosternal joint

Cervical ribs

An extra rib may be present on one or both sides above the first rib

Lumbar ribs

short extra rib that may be present below the 12th rib.

Absence of ribs

one or more ribs may be absent on one or both sides.

Forked ribs

the anterior or sternal end of a rib may divide into two parts.

Pectusexcavatum

The sternum may be depressed so that it lies closer to the thoracic vertebrae than usual

Pigeon chest

Prominent sternum may be present