kingdom fungi & plantae bio test

are fungi autotrophs or heterotrophs?

heterotrophs

what type of heterotrophs are fungi?

external heterotrophs

what are the cell walls of fungi made out of?

chitin

what thread-like filaments are fungi made of?

hyphae

Bodies of fungi are made of thick masses of hyphae called what?

mycelium

the part of fungi that is visible above ground is known as what?

the fruiting body

fungi reproduce asexually and/or sexually?

asexually and sexually

what do fungi reproduce using?

spores

spores are (haploid/diploid) cells

haploid

what phylum are molds in?

Zygomycota

what are the three types of hyphae?

sporangiophore, rhizoid, and stolon

what phylum are sac fungi in?

Asomycota

what are sac-like reproductive structures called?

ascus

what is the only unicellular fungi?

yeast

what phylum are club fungi in?

Basidiomycota

what club-like reproductive structure do club fungi have?

a basidium

what phylum are imperfect fungi in?

Deuteromycota

what two organisms create the symbiotic relationship lichen?

fungus and green algae

what type of symbiotic relationship is lichen?

mutualism

what two organisms create the symbiotic relationship mycorrhizae?

fungus and roots of plants

what type of symbiotic relationship is mycorrhizae?

mutualism

what is the mode of nutrition of plants?

they are autotrophs

how do plants reproduce?

typically sexually, but some asexually

what are plant cell walls made out of?

cellulose

what do plants need to survive?

minerals, exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen, movement of materials

what did plants evolve from?

photosynthetic protists

what do mosses lack that ferns, cone-bearing plants, and flowering plants have?

vascular tissue

what do ferns lack that cone-bearing plants and flowering plants have?

seeds

what do cone-bearing plants lack that flowering plants have?

flowers; seeds enclosed in fruit

what are nonvascular plants also called?

Bryophytes

what anchors nonvascular plants to the ground and absorbs water and minerals from the soil instead of true roots?

rhizoids

what are the two generations that alternate in the production of spores?

sporophyte and gametophyte generation

the sporophyte generation produces spores that produce a (haploid/diploid) gametophyte plant

haploid

the gametophyte generation produces spores that produce a (haploid/diploid) sporophyte plant

diploid

(sporophyte/gametophyte) is the more dominant generation in the alternation of generations for nonvascular plants.

gametophyte

fertilization creates a (sporophyte/gametophyte)

sporophyte

meiosis occurs in the (sporophyte/gametophyte) generation

gametophyte

what process is shown in A?

fertilization

what process is shown in B?

meiosis

what generation is shown in C?

sporophyte

what generation is shown in D?

gametophyte

what are the three types of vascular plants?

ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms

all vascular plants have what 7 things?

1. vascular tissue

2. leaf

3. cuticle

4. stomata

5. guard cells

6. roots

7. stem

what are the two types of vascular tissue?

phloem and xylem

what type of vascular tissue transports sugars away from leaves and stems where they are made or stored?

phloem

what type of vascular tissue transports water and minerals from roots to other parts of plant?

xylem

what type of vascular tissue are the orange lines depicting?

phloem

what type of vascular tissue are the blue lines depicting?

xylem

flat structure in a plant that carries out most photosynthesis

leaf

waxy protective covering on leaves and stems

cuticle

openings in cuticle and epidermis that allow for gas exchange and transpiration

stomata

border each stomate and control its size by expanding and contracting at proper times

guard cells

organs that absorb water and minerals from soil, transports them to stem, & anchors plant into ground

roots

what are the two main types of roots

fibrous roots and taproots

type of roots that are thin and all about the same size

fibrous roots

a large, central root

taproot

structural support for upright growth and transport of materials

the stem

what are the two types of stems?

1. herbaceous

2. woody

type of stem that is flexible, soft, and usually green

herbaceous

type of stem that is stiff, non-green, and contain layers of wood.

woody

how do seedless vascular plants reproduce?

from haploid spores through the alternation of generations

where are the spores of seedless vascular plants found?

in the sporangia

what does a seed contain?

zygote/embryo, food supply (endosperm), and protective seed coat

early growth stage of plant embryo

germination

why do fruits exist?

they are an adaptation for seed dispersal; when animals eat fruit and then defecate seeds are passed in feces

pollen contains the (sperm/egg)

sperm

when pollen is carried to the egg by wind, water, and/or animals

pollination

what are the two types of seed plants?

gymnosperms and angiosperms

vascular plant that reproduces with an exposed seed

gymnosperm

what are most gymnosperms?

conifers (seeds are produced in cones)

what type of trees retain their leaves year round

evergreen

vascular plant that reproduces with a seed found within fruit; flowering plants

angiosperm

seed leaves of embryo which store food

cotyledon

male part of the flower that consists of the anther and filament

stamen

pollen-containing sac; part of the stamen

anther

stalk of stamen

filament

female part of the flower that consists of the style, stigma, and ovary

pistil/carpel

sticky tip of the style

stigma

the stalk of the pistil

style

swollen lower portion of the pistil

ovary

inside the ovary; houses the egg cells

ovule

attracts insects for pollination and protects reproductive organs

petal

modified leaves; protects the developing flower and prevents it from drying out

sepal

what flower part is depicted in label A?

stamen

what flower part is depicted in label B?

stigma

what flower part is depicted in label C?

style

what flower part is depicted in label D? **includes B & C

pistil/carpel

what flower part is depicted in label E?

anther

what flower part is depicted in label F?

filament

what flower part is depicted in label G?

petal

what flower part is depicted in label H?

ovary

what flower part is depicted in label I?

ovule

what flower part is depicted in label J?

sepals

meiosis creates (spores/zygote) in plants.

spores

fertilization creates (spores/zygote) in plants.

zygote