What makes up the cardiac silhouette?
What is the abnormality?
Gas in the pericardial space
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What makes up the cardiac silhouette?
What is the abnormality?
Gas in the pericardial space
***How big should the heart big on lateral rads?
How much sternal contact?
Dogs: 2.5-3.5 ICS
Cats: 2-3 ICS
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Sternal contact: 2.5-3 ICS
On a lateral radiograph, what structures summate from 9-11 o’clock?
Where is the left atrium located on a lateral projection?
At the carina
Can sometimes see a backpack sign
What is located at 1? At 2?
1 = right auricle, aorta, main pulmonary artery
2 = left atrium
How large should the heart be on VD/DV view?
2/3 the width of the thoracic cavity
***What is the DV/DV clock face analogy?
11-1 o’clock = aortic arch
1-2 o’clock = main pulmonary artery
2-3 o’clock = left auricle
3-6 o’clock = left ventricle
6-9 o’clock = right ventricle
9-11 o’clock = right atrium
***What is 1-7 on this image?
1: aortic arch
2 = main pulmonary artery
3 = left auricle
4 = left ventricle
5 = right ventricle
6 = right atrium
7 = left atrium
What are ddx for a globoid silhouette?
What is the shape of this heart? What are ddx?
Shape: globoid
What is the diagnosis here?
Peritoneal pericardial diaphragmatic hernia
-not great diaphragm margins
-has structure in cardiac silhouette
What is the heart shape?
Diagnosis?
Globoid
Pericardial effusion in this case
What are these examples of?
PPDH
What is the diagnosis?
How do we know?
PPDH
What is a normal vertebral heart scale score?
9.7 +/- 0.5 vertebrae, starting at T4
What is the vertebral heart scale useful for?
Monitoring
***How to remember which are veins and which are arteries?
Veins: ventral and central
Arteries: up and away
What is 1 and 2 in this image?
1 = artery
2 = vein
***How big should pulmonary arteries and veins be?
Should be same size
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1.22 right caudal vein to 9th rib
(right caudal vein can be a little large than the 9th rib and still be normal)
****
eccentric hypertrophy
apparent cardiac enlargement (large lumens)
shunting lesions
***
***What are the 4 most common congenital cardiac diseases in small animals? What is most common in large animals?
Small animals
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Large animals
What are the radiographic findings?
Diagnosis?
Aortic stenosis
What are the radiographic findings?
Diagnosis?
What are the radiographic findings?
Diagnosis?
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PDA
What are the radiographic findings?
Diagnosis?
Globoid cardiac silhouette
What are clinical signs/signalment of tricuspid valve dysplasia?
***What are examples of acquired left-sided heart disease?
degenerative mitral valve disease (75% of cases)
DCM
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (cats)
***What are examples of acquired right-sided heart disease?
heartworms
tricuspid valve disease
What are the radiographic findings?
Diagnosis?
Findings on lateral:
Findings on DV/VD:
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Diagnosis: mitral valve degeneration
What are the radiographic findings?
Diagnosis?
Findings:
\
Not definitive diagnosis until echo performed
What are the radiographic findings in this cat on the left? (normal on right)
Diagnosis?
Findings:
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Likely HCM
***Ddx for enlarged hearts in cats?
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*Radiographs are not definitive for underlying cause for feline heart disease
*Echocardiogram needed to further investigate
What are the radiographic findings for the cat on the left? (normal on right)
Diagnosis?
Findings:
Diagnosis
What are the radiographic findings?
Diagnosis?
Findings on VD:
Findings on lateral:
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Diagnosis: HW disease
***What are radiographic signs of left-sided heart failure?
cardiogenic pulmonary edema'
pulmonary venous congestion
left sided cardiac changes
cats: can have pleural effusion
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*Diuretics can cause vessels to be normal or small
***What are radiographic signs of right-sided heart failure?
distended CVC
hepatomegaly
peritoneal effusion
pleural effusion
right sided cardiac changes
What are the radiographic findings in a cat?
Diagnosis?
Findings:
Diagnosis:
What are the radiographic findings in a dog?
Diagnosis?
Findings:
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Diagnosis: CHF
What start of MVD do we start using medical mangement?
Stage B2 (left atrial or ventricular enlargement on radiograph)