AMERICA FLASHCARDS (SECTION 1)

How long did it take to make 1 model t car?

93 minutes

When did Ford invent the assembly line?

1913

What % of petrol did america own after WWI?

70%

What was president coolidges quote about america business?

the business of america is business

What is isolationism?

America’s policy of minimal interference in global political affairs

How much did cars cost after ford?

$300

how many cars were sold (ford)?

28 million

How many people owned stocks before the 1920s, and what was the increase after the economic boom?

5 million, to 4x after the boom

What and when was the tariff act called?

Fordney and McCumber tariff act 1912

How many people had access to electricity before and after the economic boom? (%)

15% to 70%

how many members did the KKK have in 1923?

5 million

what were laws that segregated people based on race called?

jim crow laws

What was the worth of shares from 1926 to 1928?

450million to 1125 million

how much money did other countries owe to america after the war?

1127 BILLION

how many cars were made each day in ford’s factory?

7000 cars

How much % of the population lived in ghettos and where?

70%, in harlem

When were sacco and vansetti executed?

1927

What was moonshine?

Illegal alcohol often made in bathtubs, and was often deadly

how many units of moonshine did the FBI condisate in 1930?

282,000 units

What were illegal drinking dens called during prohibition?

speakeasies

When was the law of prohibition passed?

1920

What did the policy of isolationism do?

prevented the US from joining league of nations

When and what as the immigration act?

1924, it set a quota to limit the number of immigrants coming into the US pear year

what was the maximum quote for the 1924 immigration act?

150,000 per year

When was prohibition repealed?

1935

Who was the democratic president and how many times was he elected?

Franklin D roosevelt, 3 times

What were people who illegally smuggled alcohol called?

bootleggers

When was the wall street crash? (full date)

1929 24th october

what caused economic problems? (2)

\-overproduction

\-overconsumption

how much did unemployment rise from 1926 to 1929?

880,000 to 2 million

what were underlying factors which lead to 1929 Wall Street Crash? (4)

* overproduction
* weak trade unions
* USA trade import/export restrictions
* Stock market speculation

What were Hoover’s policies?

Rugged individualism/lasseiz faire

What was Hoover’s promise to the american citizens?

a chicken in every pot

What was NYC known as?

a melting pot

How many people bought cinema tickets per week during 1929?

100 million

What was the code that limited sexual scenes on TV and how long did it limit for?

Hays code - 3 seconds of kissing

How much did a baseball star (name) earn?

Babe Ruth - $80,000

what % did the fordney and mccumber tariff increase the price of foreign goods by?

60%

what were the political causes of the economic boom? (4)

* lassiez faire policy
* tariffs
* low taxation
* trusts

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what is hire purchase?

buying on credit and paying the whole price at a later date

what is a trust?

super corporations that monopolised a major industry

what was an example of a trust?

rockefellers in the oil industry

how many people owned radios in 1919 compared to 1929?

10 million to 20 million

what was the name given to the fundemental christian region of america?

bible belt

what was it known as when a person bought shares quickly to sell for a profit quickly?

buying on the margin

what was the % of people who were farmers in the 1920s?

40%

how low were farmer’s wages in the 1920s?

$7.5/week

how many films did hollywood make a year?

500

how many radio stations were there by the 1920s?

500+

who was a famous jazz star?

bessie smith

what were the groups of people who didn’t benefit from the economic boom?

* farmers
* african amercans
* native americans
* old industry workers

How much did the worth of the farming industry drop by from 1919 to 1920?

22 billion to 13 billion

how many farmers migrated to the countryside because of the poor working conditions?

6 million

why did the farmers not benefit from economic boom?

european countries implemented similar tariffs as the americans which reduced demand for food which lead to overproduction

what are 2 examples of old industries?

cotton and coal

what was cottron replaced by?

rayon

how much did coal workers earn compared to the minimum amount needed to survive?

coal workers earned $18, while the minimum needed to survive was $48

what % of the population lived below the poverty line?

42%

what were poor african american farmers called?

sharecroppers

how many african americans were unemployed?

3/4

why did the native americans suffer during the economic boom?

they had their land taken away by the mining companies and had to move to reservations

what was the thing that caused seasonal unemployment in chicago?

busy and slack

what % of people owned cars in chicago?

3%

what was the wealth inequality between the poor and wealthy?

5% of wealthy people owned 32% of the wealth, while 42% of poor people owned 10% of the wealth

what was the negative impact of the political policy of lassiez faire?

underlying socio economic inequality due to the political lassiez faire policy meant no aid was given to those in need as the government did not intervene.

what was life like for women before WWI? (5)

* expected to dress modestly
* restrictive lifestyle
* had to be chaperoned
* worked low paying jobs
* expected to be housewives

How many women worked after WWI and by how much % did that increase by?

10 million increased by 25%

what was the divorce rate after WWI?

2x more

How many women had sex before marriage prior to the 1920s to after?

30% before, 80%

what year and how old did women have to be to vote?

1920 - 21+

when did hoover win his election?

1928

what does stock market speculation mean?

buying a share in hope that the value of the share will increase

what does buying on the margin mean?

purchasing a share quickly and waiting for the price to rise and then selling the share

what % of actual money did speculators have to put down before getting a loan?

10%

how many shareholders were speculators?

60,000

what role did women play in the WSC?

women owned 50% of the petticoat line

how much did banks loan out to speculators?

$8 billion

what was a social factor that contributed to the WSC?

consumer confidence

How many shares were sold on the 24th of october 1929?

13 million

why did the banks or government not intervene when the WSC was happening?

lassiez faire policy

What % did factory worker’s wages drop by?

60%

Who (rich person) and how much % of his wealth did he lose?

Rockefeller - 80% of wealth

How many people were unemployed in 1933?

14 million

How many banks went bankrupt?

5000

What % did production drop by?

45%

What were hobos?

unemployed workers who travelled illegally to find work and often ended up in Hoovervilles

How many americans were in hoovervilles?

250,000

When was the dust bowl?

1932

What policy did Hoover believe in?

rugged individualism

what does rugged individualism mean?

challenges can be overcome by hard work and did not need government intervention

why were hoovervilles called hoovervilles?

to mock hoover’s lack of aid an intervention due to his rugged individualism policy

what did hoover try to do? (3)

* set up emergency relief fund
* sent money to financial reconstruction
* lowered taxes

how much money did hoover send to emergency relief funds?

300 million

what was the problem with emergency relief funds that hoover set?

barely any of the money went towards helping the people in need

when was the prohibition law passed?

1920

what was the official name of the legislation that legalised prohobition?

volstead act

What are the reasons why prohibition was implemented? (4)

Anti saloon league

Industry owners believed workers would be more productive

Xenophobia to german alcohol produccers

WCTU, believed in temperence

how many speakeasies were there?

200,000

how many agents regulated prohibition?

1,500

how much money did the government lose when they banned alcohol?

500 million