Villi structure flashcards

Describe the function of lacteals in the digestive system.

Lacteals are specialized lymphatic vessels in the villi of the small intestine that absorb fats, fatty acids, glycerol, and fat-soluble vitamins.

How do microvilli contribute to nutrient absorption?

Microvilli are tiny projections on epithelial cells that increase surface area, enhancing the efficiency of nutrient absorption.

Define the significance of a thin cell layer in the digestive system.

The thin epithelial layer, being one cell thick, minimizes diffusion distance, allowing for faster absorption of nutrients.

Explain the process of carbohydrate breakdown in the small intestine.

Maltose is broken down into glucose in the small intestine and is absorbed through active transport.

What role do capillaries play in nutrient absorption?

Capillaries surround the villi and absorb amino acids, glucose, salts, water, and other soluble nutrients.

How does blood flow in capillaries affect nutrient absorption?

Blood flow in capillaries maintains a concentration gradient that is necessary for effective nutrient absorption.

Describe the transport process of absorbed nutrients in the body.

Absorbed nutrients are transported to venules and veins for distribution throughout the bloodstream.

What is the structure and function of a villus in the small intestine?

A villus is a finger-like projection extending into the lumen of the small intestine, enhancing nutrient absorption.

How do epithelial cells function in the villus?

Epithelial cells form the outer layer of the villus, serving as a barrier and facilitating the absorption of nutrients.

What is the role of the capillary network in the villus?

The capillary network, situated beneath the epithelial layer, aids in the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream.