Dev Psych Terms & Definitions: Ch 13-19 Study Guide

Which change to the skin is expected in early adulthood?

appearance of wrinkles

Why is it so easy for freshmen in college to gain weight?

It is their first time without parental supervision, and the food they access may be unhealthy.

First-generation students are typically ______.

less academically prepared

A single mother unexpectedly loses her job and has very little money saved. Although she is very upset, she decides to make a list of her next steps. This woman is exhibiting ______.

cognitive affective complexity

How does the glass ceiling work?

as an invisible barrier to prevent minorities from reaching executive positions

T/F: Most colleges are oriented toward nontraditional students.

False

Evaluations of problems and solutions are influenced by ______.

logic and emotion

How has obesity affected those who have contracted COVID-19?

Those who are obese are more likely to be hospitalized and have poor outcomes.

A young man dreams of one day becoming a Supreme Court Justice. He decides to attend law school in order to achieve this long-term goal. This young man is in which occupational stage?

specification

The national maternal age is thought to be increasing because ______.

there is a decline in adolescent pregnancy

Who would be considered a first-generation student?

the first to achieve a 4-year degree in the family

What is the most important factor in selecting a career?

personality match

How do people come to think in more complex ways regarding situations?

considering multiple causations of situations

Which factor contributes to physical development in aging?

childhood poverty

Brennan is a self-reported heavy marijuana user who started using marijuana in adolescence. Brennan is also likely to report ______.

difficulty with making judgment calls

moral identity

a sense of values and their importance to oneself

intimacy vs isolation

developing the capacity for close emotional ties and permanent commitments to romantic partners

social clock

expectations for timing of major life events

In the United States, women are giving birth ______.

to their first child at increasingly later ages over the past 30 years

T/F: The double standard regarding sexuality reveals that men typically receive social rewards for sexual behavior while women receive social penalties.

True

T/F: Research has found few social or emotional differences between same-sex couples whose marriages are legally sanctioned and those whose marriages are not.

False

How do young adults in developing countries most often define adulthood?

taking responsibility for one's actions

The evolutionary perspective argues that women tend to prefer mates who are ______.

intelligent

Which is true about the transition to parenthood?

Mothers' perceptions of workload division impact relationship satisfaction.

Happy spouses are more likely to ______ during arguments.

maintain positive emotions

Why is identity development currently associated with emerging adulthood?

Most young adults are now attending college.

When a woman is married to an abusive spouse, it is most likely that her spouse ______.

has had prior experiences with abuse

Which situation demonstrates a normative age-graded event in the United States?

learning to drive at age 16

Which is a perceived benefit of hooking up?

It is less time consuming.

What are the most common predictive factors for childlessness?

education and occupational status

singlehood

living without a romantic partner

cohabitation

sharing a home without marrying

marriage

formally recognized union

Janelle is a 21-year-old whose last year of college was during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite this context, Janelle remains optimistic. Why is optimism so important for Janelle during this time in her life?

It can increase her overall well-being.

T/F: Intelligence scores decrease markedly with middle adulthood.

False

How does a stroke occur?

A blood clot forms in the brain.

Mai is at a luncheon with her friends. The restaurant is very loud, and she overhears her name at another table. Despite this, she is able to focus on the conversation with her friends. What is this called?

cocktail party effect

Where is presbyopia found?

eyes

Where is presbycusis found?

ears

Where is osteoporosis found?

bones

T/F: As we age, we fear job insecurity less.

False

An individual caught in a traffic jam becomes very angry. What is happening physiologically?

Blood pressure increases

Which activity exemplifies using crystallized intelligence?

memorizing vocabulary words

Research examining the cocktail party effect in middle-aged adults found that ______.

performance declines with age

How do middle-aged adults typically react to acute health problems?

by starting to think about their own mortality

Which is an intrinsic reward?

creative pursuits

Which is a risk factor in developing diabetes?

being overweight

In middle adulthood, the more complex the task, the greater the age-related ______.

decline in reaction time

Abigail is a woman who complains to her husband that she has more wrinkles than he does. However, she moisturizes and rarely goes out in the sun. Why might this be?

In women, estrogen is reduced which increases aging of the skin.

Which person is demonstrating fluid intelligence?

Sam, who identifies an error in a software program and fixes it

Racial differences associated with disparities in retirement savings can be attributed to ______.

income and educational inequities

How does parenthood influence gender identity in middle adulthood?

Traditional gender roles tend to take over once children are born.

When married, men generally report ______.

experiencing more happiness than women

Who is showing a higher level of extroversion?

the most enthusiastic member of the team who is the glue that holds everyone together socially

Boomerang children are adult children who ______.

return to live with their parents

Which is an example of empty nest?

all children have left home in order to live on their own or attend college

Which of the following is true regarding age and adjustment to divorce?

Middle-aged couples have less difficulty adjusting to divorce than younger couples do.

Which of the following has the largest impact on how older adults feel about themselves?

subjective age

Which of the following reflects a current trend in grandparenting?

Adults are becoming grandparents later.

Personality ______ through transitions from young adulthood through middle adulthood to older adulthood.

remains stable

Which is true about the generativity versus stagnation stage?

Men who are involuntarily childless have a lower sense of generativity.

Openness

curious, explorative, and creative

Conscientiousness

disciplined, responsible, and planful

Agreeableness

trusting, cooperative, and caring

What is the main purpose of friendship during middle adulthood?

support from stressors

Ran and Kim have decided to provide their child with toys that are traditionally considered "boy toys" and toys that are traditionally considered "girl toys." What are they seeking to do?

Raise their child androgynously.

From Latinx culture, the concept of Familism means ______.

family comes above all else

What is the key element of Levinson's developmental model?

life structure

Why might older adults feel less motivated to participate in tests of working memory?

These tests often include tasks similar to those used in school settings, which older adults are less familiar with.

Barb is a 79-year-old woman who uses a walker regularly but lives independently in an apartment. How would Barb be categorized?

old-old

Why is it difficult to diagnose Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease?

No test can confirm the presence of the diseases.

______ is a crucial factor of older adults' mobility.

Balance

Which of the following activities would an older adult struggle with the most?

naming objects

It is recommended that older adults engage in at least ______ minutes of moderate-intensity activity each week.

150

Gary was recently diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. What are the earliest symptoms Gary is most likely to experience?

moderate absentmindedness and inattention

Olfactory impairment has been shown to be an early biomarker linked to ______.

dementia

T/F: Physical activity exacerbates symptoms of chronic conditions such as arthritis.

False

Healthy adults of all ages are able to exert control over ______ once information is programmed into it.

working memory

T/F: There is a genetic component to Parkinson's disease.

True

Which diet may protect the retina from macular degeneration?

a diet rich in green leafy vegetables

Which can defend against age-related declines in learning and memory?

catechin

Regarding autobiographical memory, older adults are more likely to remember experiences from ______.

adolescence

Which form of dementia is caused by a stroke?

vascular dementia

Which statement is true about remarriage and the life course?

Younger people are more likely to get remarried than older people.

The main factor determining whether an older adult retires is ______.

financial state

Which Big 5 personality trait contributes to cognitive decline and increasing frailty in older adults?

neuroticism

areas designed to meet older adults' physical and social needs

residential community

a combination of independent housing and 24-hour assistance

continuing care

independent living paired with comprehensive support featuring shared spaces like a dining room

congregate housing

facility offering the greatest amount of care to older adults that need it most

nursing home

What does research on subjective age reveal?

The majority of older adults view themselves as younger than their actual age.

Which statement is true about divorce and the life course?

Older adults are less likely to divorce than younger people.

T/F: Financial resources are not considered in retirement because government programs fully support a high standard of living for the elderly.

False

Which statement is true regarding older adults who live in urban areas?

They have greater access to health and social services.

According to Erikson, older adults' life review can be framed in one of two ways. What are they?

ego integrity vs despair

What happens to marital satisfaction throughout the life course?

It increases into late adulthood.

Which statement is true about occupation and retirement?

Professionals and the self-employed retire later than blue-collar or clerical positions.

T/F: Older adults who live in the suburbs tend to be healthier and wealthier than those who live in cities.

True

Which statement best describes the relationship between sexual activity and health?

There is a bidirectional relationship between sexual activity and health.

Which person is most likely to rely on a sibling for support?

Aita is a 72-year-old woman who has chosen to be single throughout her life.