Lab Final Study Guide for Animal Reproductive Biology

What is the formula for total magnification in microscopy?

Total magnification = power of the objective X power of the eyepiece.

What are zoonotic diseases?

Zoonotic diseases are diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans.

What is the importance of the Hierarchy of Controls in biosafety?

The Hierarchy of Controls is a framework for prioritizing safety measures to reduce exposure to hazards.

What are the subtypes of the influenza virus?

The influenza virus has four subtypes: A, B, C, and D.

How can you identify cells undergoing mitosis?

Cells going through mitosis can be identified by their distinct stages, which include prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

What distinguishes epithelial cells from mesenchymal cells?

Epithelial cells are characterized by their tightly packed layers, while mesenchymal cells are more loosely organized and can differentiate into various cell types.

What is the significance of crown-rump length in fetal growth?

Crown-rump length is used to assess fetal growth and development during pregnancy.

What are the first organs/systems to develop in a fetus?

The first organs/systems to develop typically include the heart and circulatory system.

What does the different colors on an ultrasound image represent?

Different colors on an ultrasound image represent varying levels of tissue density and blood flow.

What is the purpose of a phantom in ultrasound imaging?

A phantom is used to calibrate and test ultrasound equipment.

What are the types of placentas found in different species?

1. Diffuse (Pig, Horse), 2. Cotyledonary (Ruminants), 3. Zonary (Dogs, Cats), 4. Discoid (Primates, Humans, Rodents).

What are the signs of estrus in cattle?

Signs of estrus in cattle include restlessness, vocalization, and increased mounting behavior.

What are the major parts of the male reproductive tract?

The major parts include the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, and prostate gland.

What is spermatogenesis?

Spermatogenesis is the process of sperm cell development, involving several stages from spermatogonia to mature sperm.

What are primary vs secondary sperm defects?

Primary defects occur during the formation of sperm, while secondary defects occur after sperm have been formed.

What are cryoprotectants and how do they work?

Cryoprotectants are substances used to protect biological tissue from freezing damage.

What are the differences in freeze damage tolerance among species?

Different species exhibit varying levels of tolerance to damage caused by freezing, affecting the viability of frozen semen.

What is the anatomy of the mammary gland in cows and sows?

The mammary gland anatomy includes lobules, ducts, and the teat, with variations between species.

What is the pathway milk takes to the outside of the mammary gland?

Milk travels from the alveoli through ducts to the teat and then out of the gland.

What is colostrum and how is its quality measured?

Colostrum is the first milk produced after giving birth, and its quality can be measured using tools that assess immunoglobulin levels.

What are the functions of cells associated with the mammary gland?

Cells in the mammary gland are responsible for milk production, secretion, and immune protection.

What is the role of casein and whey in milk?

Casein is a protein that forms the bulk of cheese, while whey is the liquid remaining after milk has been curdled and strained.