Lecture Exam 3 Study Guide BIO 201

Ependymal cells:

circulate cerebrospinal fluid

What part of the joint cavity lubricates the joint, supplies nutrients and removes metabolic wastes, and absorbs shock?

synovial fluid

Which of the following wraps and surrounds an individual skeletal muscle fiber?

endomysium

Which neuroglial cell helps form blood-brain barrier?

astrocyte

Which protein does NOT belong in a thin filament?

myosin

What anchors thin and elastic filaments in place within the myofibril?

Z-disc

What movement decreases the angle between the foot and tibia as the toes are pulled up towards the head?

dorsiflexion

Which of the following muscles extends the knee?

rectus femoris

What is NOT a bone to which the sternocleidomastoid muscle is attached?

mandible

Functionally, how are cartilaginous joints classified?

synarthroses or amphiarthroses

When an action potential arrives in an axon terminal, synaptic vesicles containing acetylcholine are released by:

the axon terminal

A pathway of ATP production that results in the formation of lactic acid is:

glycolytic catabolism

What is the most metabolically active part of a neuron?

cell body

While eating, you move your forearm and hand from the plate of food toward your face. Classify the movement occurring at the elbow joint

flexion

Which of the following best represents the functional classifications of joints ranked from least moveable to most moveable?

synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis

Upon entering your house, you noticed the smell of cake baking in the oven. What division of the peripheral nervous system is responsible?

somatic sensory division

The plasma membrane of a muscle cell is known as the:

sarcolemma

The most common type of neuron in the human body is:

multipolar

The influx of positive charges makes the membrane potential more positive and is known as:

depolarization

What do skeletal muscle tissue and cardiac muscle tissue share in common?

Both skeletal and cardiac muscle tissues are striated

Within the PNS, a neuron will regenerate only if:

the cell body remains intact

What is more likely to promote an action potential?

depolarization

What do ligaments connect together?

bones

Determine the functional joint classification that provides the greatest mobility.

diarthrosis

What characteristic is NOT descriptive of cardiac muscle tissue?

voluntary muscle contractions

Determine the direction in which an electrical signal is carried in a typical multipolar neuron.

dendrites, cell body, axon

Because of their ability to rapidly divide during brain injury, which type of neuroglial cell would be more likely to form a brain tumor?

astrocyte

Triceps brachii and biceps brachii perform opposing actions and are classified as:

antagonists

Which of the following is NOT a location where a hinge joint is found?

shoulder

What is the functional contractile unit of the myofibril?

sarcomere

While warming up for gym class, Sheila performed a set of jumping jacks. This action involves:

abduction and adduction

The binding of a myosin head to an actin molecule is termed a:

crossbridge

Which of the following is NOT a ligament associated with the knee joint?

radial collateral ligament

What ion triggers synaptic vesicles to release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft?

calcium

The synapse of a motor neuron with a muscle fiber is known as the:

neuromuscular junction

What is the basic function of all muscle tissue?

generate muscle tension/contract

Which of the following is a cartilaginous joint?

synchondrosis

Which muscle assists with smiling?

zygomaticus major

Type I fibers lack:

speed

Which of the following is controlled by the somatic motor division?

skeletal muscle

Which of the following is an effect of myelination?

Myelination increases the speed of conduction of action potentials

Branches that may occur along an axon are called

collaterals

The central region of the A band that lacks thin filaments is the:

H zone

John experienced a cut that severs the tendon that attaches the insertion of the gastrocnemius muscle. As a result of this injury, what action is difficult for him to perform?

plantar flexion

How do most circular muscles function?

sphincters

Which of the following muscles is NOT associated with the mouth?

orbicularis oculi

Muscles that move the thumb will be named using the term:

pollicis

Flexion and extension are types of:

angular movements

Which of the following best describes a bipolar neuron?

one axon and one dendrite

What is accomplished by the power stroke?

The power stroke results in myosin heads pulling actin toward the center of the sarcomere.

A single motor neuron together with all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates is called a:

motor unit

The storage and release of calcium ions is the key function of the:

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following movements is an example of abduction?

spreading the fingers apart

What type of muscle performs an anchoring function by holding a bone in place?

fixator

Which structural joint classification is held together by dense regular collagenous connective tissue?

fibrous

Through which ATP-generating mechanism can long-lasting muscle contractions be sustained?

oxidative catabolism

The deltoid is responsible for:

abducting the arm

Deep inward extensions of the sarcolemma form a tunnel-like network inside the muscle cell known as:

transverse tubules (T-tubules)

A triad consists of:

a transverse tubule (T-tubule) and two terminal cisternae

The two anatomical divisions of the nervous system are the:

central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

Where are receptors for acetylcholine located?

motor end plate

The degree to which a muscle cell can stretch depends on its:

extensibility

A neuron that receives neurotransmitters from another neuron is called:

the postsynaptic neuron

Which statement best describes a bursa?

A bursa is a synovial fluid-filled structure lined with synovial membrane on its inner surface.

The coxal joint is an articulation formed by:

the head of the femur and the acetabulum

If a resting axon increases its permeability to sodium ions:

the influx of sodium ions will increase and the membrane will depolarize

What can you tell about a muscle whose name includes the word serratus?

its appearance is serrated or jagged

Which of the following muscles is named for its action?

adductor magnus

Which of the following cartilaginous joints is found only in young growing people?

epiphyseal plate

Which type of muscle works together with the agonist?

synergist

Which of the following statements is the most accurate description of the sliding filament mechanism?

thin filaments slide past thick filaments towards the M line

Damage to the stylohyoid, mylohyoid, and geniohyoid impairs:

swallowing

The conducting region of the neuron is the:

axon

Cholinergic synapses use the neurotransmitter:

acetylcholine

What specific part of the neuron communicates with a target cell and serves as the secretory region of the cell?

axon terminals (synaptic knobs)

The shoulder and hip joints are similar because they are both:

ball-and-socket joints

Voltage-gated sodium channels are activated:

only if the cell is depolarized to threshold.

A ballerina who stands on the tips of her toes is performing:

plantarflexion

During repolarization of a neuron:

potassium ions move out of the cell

Which of the following muscles is named using a directional term?

vastus lateralis

Which of the following is/are classified as fibrous joints?

sutures, syndemoses, and gomphoses

What does the action potential traveling down the transverse tubules (T-tubules) promote?

release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Myelinated axons in the CNS are known as:

white matter

Which of the following are organs of the central nervous system?

brain and spinal cord

The hip is known as the:

coxal joint

The masseter and temporalis muscles provide much of the force for:

chewing

Pow! A firecracker explodes close to you. Your mouth drops open in surprise, a movement known as:

depression

Which type of fibrous joint is found between bones of the cranium?

suture

What feature is NOT part of the synovial joint?

tendon sheath

What best describes cartilaginous joints?

little, if any, motion

An agonist is a muscle that provides most of the force required for a given movement:

TRUE