Cellular Respiration, Fermentation, and Secondary Metabolism

These flashcards cover key concepts of cellular respiration, fermentation, and metabolism from the lecture notes.

Cellular Respiration

The process by which living cells obtain energy from organic molecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Glycolysis

The metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, yielding 2 ATP and 2 NADH.

Oxidative Phosphorylation

The process where ATP is produced using the energy released by electrons as they are transferred through the electron transport chain.

Pyruvate

The product of glycolysis; it can be converted into acetyl CoA in aerobic respiration.

Citric Acid Cycle

A metabolic cycle that generates ATP, NADH, and FADH2 through the oxidation of acetyl CoA.

Anaerobic Respiration

The metabolic process of producing cellular energy without oxygen.

Fermentation

A way of extracting energy from carbohydrates without using oxygen, often resulting in byproducts like alcohol or lactic acid.

ATP Synthase

An enzyme that synthesizes ATP using the proton gradient created by the electron transport chain.

Warburg effect

The preference of cancer cells to use glycolysis over oxidative phosphorylation for energy production.

Chemiosmosis

The process by which ATP is produced using the energy of the proton gradient across a membrane.