chapter 5 and 6 test

atomic orbital

a mathematical expression describing the probability of finding an electron at various locations around the nucleus

aufbau principle

says electrons occupy the orbitals of lowest energy first

electron configurations

the ways in which electrons are arranged in various orbitals around the nuclei of atoms

ground state

the state an electron has its lowest possible energy

pauli exclusion principle

says an atomic orbital may describe at most two electrons

heisenberg uncertainty principle

states that is impossible to know both the velocity and the position of a particle at the same time

electronegativity

the ability of an atom of an element to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound

ionization energy

the energy required to remove an electron from an atom

atomic radius

one half of the distance between the nuclei of two atoms of the same element when the atoms are joined

metal

generally good conductors of heat and electric current

transition metal

group b elements that are usually displayed in the main body of the periodic table

periodic law

when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties

atomic mass

a weighted average mass of the atoms in a naturally occurring sample of the element

period

the horizontal rows of the periodic table

group

each vertical column of the periodic table

electron

negatively charged subatomic particles

in bohrs model of the atom, where are the electrons and protons located?

the electrons move around the protons, which are at the center of the atom

the principle quantum number indicates what property of an electron?

energy level

what is the shape of the 3p atomic orbital?

dumbbell

what is the maximum number of f orbitals in any single energy level in an atom?

7

what is the maximum number of d orbitals in a principle energy level?

5

what is the maximum number of orbitals in the p sub level?

3

what is the maximum number of electrons in the second principle energy level?

8

if the spin of one electron in an orbital is clockwise, what is the spin of the other electron?

counterclockwise

what types of atomic orbitals are in the third principle energy level?

s, p, and d only

if 3 electrons are available to fill 3 empty 2p atomic orbitals, how will the electrons be distributed in the 3 orbitals?

one electron in each orbital

according to the aufbau principle…

electrons enter orbitals of lowest energy first

stable electron configurations are likely to contain…

filled energy sublevels

emission of light from an atom occurs when an electron…

drops from a higher to a lower energy level

what is the quanta of light called?

photons

which scientist developed the quantum mechanical model of the atom?

erwin schrödinger

the quantum mechanical of the atom…

involves the probability of finding an electron in a certain position

which of the following elements is in the same period as phosphorus?

magnesium

each period in the periodic table corresponds to a…

principle energy level

the modern periodic table is arranged in order of increasing atomic…

number

who arranged the elements according to atomic mass and used the arrangement to predict the properties of missing elements?

dmitri mendeleev

which of the following categories includes the majority of elements?

metals

to what category of elements does an element belong if it is a poor conductor of electricity?

nonmetals

the atomic number of an element is the total number of which particles in the nucleus?

protons

which is the following is true about electron configurations of the noble gases?

the highest s and p sublevels are completely filled

which of the following elements in a transition metal?

copper

how does atomic radius change from top to bottom in a group in the periodic table?

it tends to increase

how does atomic radius change from left to right across a period in the periodic table?

it tends to decrease

atomic size generally…

decreases as you move from left to right across a period

which of the following statements is true about ions? (#1)

cations form when an atom loses electrons

which of the following statements is true about ions? (#2)

when anions form, more electrons are transferred to it

as you move from left to right across the second period of the periodic table…

ionization energy increases