03. Chemical Reactivity

Why are aldehydes more reactive than ketones?

Second alkyl group of ketone

1) e- releasing so reducing magnitude of C

2) larger than H atom so impedes approach of attacking nucleophiles if alkyl group is larger than methyl

Why don’t substitution reactions occur for aldehydes and ketones?

Carbonyl group has double bond -> nucleophile attacks and forms covalent bond with carbonyl carbon

Pi bond splits and forms another covalent bond -> Results in addition

Why do addition reactions occur?

Carbonyl group has double bond

What do alkenes undergo and why?

Electrophilic addition because electron cloud of pi bond is attacked by electrophiles

Where is the pi bond in carbonyl group?

Between C and O -> Makes density of charge cloud greater at more electronegative oxygen end so the bond is polar

What are does the C=O bond get attacked by?

Nucleophiles

What reaction do aldehydes and ketones undergo?

Nucleophilic Addition

What happens in nucleophilic addition of hydrogen cyanide

C=O bond is converted into C-O and OH group is formed

Reagents of nucleophilic addition of hydrogen cyanide?

Hydrogen cyanide (sometimes sulphuric acid)

Conditions of nucleophilic addition of hydrogen cyanide?

Room temperature

Draw the general equation of nucleophilic addition of hydrogen cyanide

Yes

Draw the mechanism of nucleophilic addition of hydrogen cyanide

Yes