Early American History Study Guide Semester 1 Final

Columbus

Discovered the Americas while looking for a new trade route with India

Amerigo Vespucci

He discovered that Columbus wasn't in India and America is named after him

John Rolfe

Discovered Tobacco in Jamestwon

John Smith

He saved the Jamestown colony by forcing the colonists to work

Pocahontas

Native American/Colonist translator and she married John Rolfe

King George III

King of England during the American Revolution

Thomas Jefferson

Wrote the Declaration of Independence

Thomas Paine

Author of Common Sense and inspired colinists to join the patriot camp

John Hancock

President of the Continental Congress

George Washington

British General in French and Indian War, Commander of Continental Army

John Adams

Pushed for the Declaration of Independence

Paul Revere

Patriot who was involved in several events that led to the American Revolution

Native American

the original people living in America, came from Asia during the Ice Age

Puritan

People who wanted to purify the Church of England

Pilgrims

people on a religious journey, came to America for religious freedom

Subsistence Farming

Farming to feed your family but not for a living

Mercantilism

Theory that the more wealth a country has, the more power they have

Great Migration

The large movement of Puritans to the New World

Mayflower Compact

a set of rules and regulations of the Plymouth colony

Import

A good brought into a country

Export

A good sold to another country

Triangle Trade Route

the trade route that connected the colonies, Europe [England], Africa and the West Indies. All of the countries were interconnected by the slave trade.

Middle Passage

A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies

Colombian Exchange

the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and Europe, Asia, and Africa

Represenative Government

laws made for a country voted on by elected officials

Parliment

the lawmaking branch of the British government

Congress

Another name for the legislative branch

Colony

A group of people in one place who are ruled by a parent country elsewhere.

Declaration of Independence

the document recording the proclamation of the second Continental Congress (4 July 1776) asserting the independence of the colonies from Great Britain

Common Sense

A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that claimed the colonies had a right to be an independent nation

Tobacco

Cash crop that made a profit and saved Jamestown

Boycott

Refusal to buy goods or services from another country.

Committies of Correspondence

Contacted other towns about British law and how to challenge them.

Magna Carta

Document saying all English citizens will not be taxed without their consent

Sugar Act

tax on sugar and molasses

Stamp Act

Colonists had to pay a tax for a stamp that had to be placed on all legal pieces of paper

Quartering Act

Colonists had to house British soldiers

Proclamation of 1763

British colonists could not live west of the Appalachian Mountians.

Intolerable Acts

Four acts placed on the colonists after the Boston Tea Party

Boston Tea Party

Colonists threw tea overboard a british ship as a sign of protest

Boston Massacre

5 colonists were killed in riot of Boston

First Continental Congress

Banned all trade from England

Second Continental Congress

Formed continental army, started printing money, and declared independence

Charter

Permission to establish a colony

Sons of Liberty

Colonists who protested against British Laws

Patriot

American colonist who favored American independence

Loyalist

A person who supported the British during the American Revolution

Navigation Acts

a series of laws intended to limit trading in the colonies with only England

Inalieable Rights

rights that every human had that the goverment cannot take away - life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

Townshend Acts

tax on glass, lead, paper, paint and tea; collected at harbor

consent of the governed

People agree to be governed or give power to the government

Articles of Confederation

First constitution of the U.S. and had the power heavily favored towards the states.

French and Indian War

war fought between Fr. and N.A. vs Britain over land and trade

Revloutionary War

War fought between England and its colonies

Jamestown

2nd colony made in North America, first to survive

Roanoke

First colony made in North America, failed to survive

Plymouth

Pilgrim settlement in Massachusets

Push/Pull Factors

factors that push one out of a country or pull one to a country

Salem Witch Trials

100's of colonists accused of witchcraft; colony ruled by religious law and officials of church

Problems with Jamestown

1) Bad Water due to swampy land 2) Poor soil 3) little food/starvation 4) disease
Jamestown survived due to leadership of John Smith - moved settlers inland away from swampy lands to a better water source; forced colonists to work instead of searching for gold; developed good relationships with Native Americans to learn how to farm and end fighting