GIT PART 2 (Liver, Pancreas & Gallbladder

liver

Largest internal organ of the human body

liver

it develops from the foregut and spans the upper right and part of left abdominal quadrants

liver

This organ have endocrine and exocrine function

Produces bile that emulsifies fat

The exocrine function of Iiver is?

Secretes hormones; EPO and TPO

Endocrine function of liver

septa

Connective tissue from the liver capsule that penetrate organ at portal hepatis

septa

Connective tissue in the liver that arborize extensively and divide liver into lobules

stroma

Connective tissue in the liver that is Made of Type III Collagen (Reticulin); forms a meshwork that provides integrity for the hepatocytes and sinusoids.

capsule

Outer covering of liver, more commonly known as Glisson capsule

Portal triad

branches or tributaries in interlobular connective tissue consist the portal vein, hepatic artery and bile duct

hepatocytes

the abundant cell of liver, responsible for metabolic and secretory function

80%

Heptocyte comprise about, how much percent?

Sinusoids

Capillaries travelling between hepatocyte

kupffer cells and ITO cell

Two type of cell found in sinusoid

kupffer cell

Stellate macrophages found within the lining of liver sinusoids; an antigen presenting cell and function to remove bacteria or debris present in the portal blood.

ITO CELLS

Known as hepatic stellate cells that are found within the sinusoids of hepatic lobules

ITO cells

This cells contains small lipid droplets that stores vitamin A and some fat soluble vitamins

ITO cells

Regulates Kupffer cell activity (in liver)

Space of Disse

Located between the hepatocytes and the sinusoids; separates sinusoids from hepatic plates

Space of Disse

Also known as perisinusoidal space

Space of mall

periportal space where lymph is produce

space of mall

This space is sandwiched between the connective tissue of the portal canal and hepatocytes

Hepatic lobule

Architecture of liver which drains the blood from portal vein and the heptic artery to the hepatic or the central vein

portal lobule

drains bile from hepatocytes to the bile duct

Portal acinus

Supplies oxygenated blood to heptocytes

Hepatic lobule

Strucural unit in liver that is typically polygonal in shape.

Portal area

A region containing the portal triad that is present in three corners of each hepatic lobule

Central vein

A vein that occupies center of lobule

Potal lobule

Within this lobule blood flows from center to periphery while glandular secretion (bile) flows from periphery to center of lobule

Hepatic acinus

Regarded by many as true anatomical and functional unit of liver ; smaller than hepatic lobule and portal lobule

Hepatic acinus

This stucture of liver lies between two central veins

Zone I, zone II, zone III

What are the three zones of heptic acinus

Zone I

This zone of heptic acinusis area closest to vessels; well oxygenated

Zone III

Zone of heptic acinus that is farthest from blood vessels

Pancreas

Elongated organ which lies obliquely across the posterior abdominal wall; which lies obliquely across the posterior abdominal wall; regulates blood sugar levels and assist in digestion

Pancreas

Are also both an exocrine and endocrine gland but functions to regulate sugar level and assist digestion

only 2%

Percentage of the endocrine portion of pancreas (islets of Langerhans)

98%

Percentage of the exocrine portion of ancreas

Pancreatic acini

Secretory portion of pancreas are called

40-50

Provide typical number of cell per acinus

Synthesize enzymatic components in RER

Function of pancreatic acinus

Intralobular ducts, interlobular duct, pancreatic duct

THE THREE DUCTS OF PANCREAS

Intercalated duct

Under intralobular duct, this duct drains acinus (not mentioned sa three ducts kanina, is under intralobular duct)

intrlobular ducts

A union of intercalated ducts

Pancreatic duct

Union ofinterlobulr duct

gallbladder

A pear-shaped muscular sac found on the inferior aspect of the anatomical right lobe of the

liver

gallbladder

This organs function is to collect, store, concentrate, and expel bile when it is needed for emulsification of fat

gallbladder

Bile is produced by lier but stored in

Mucosa, muscular layer, serosa/ adventitia

Gallbladder wall is consist of:

Cholecystokinin (CKK)

Hormone present in gallladder that is produce by the cell of small intestine which helps gallbladder to induce contraction of smooth muscle

Rokitansky-aschoff sinuses

WHAT IS THE EPITHELIAL INVAGINATIONS THAT THE MUCOSA OF GALLBLADDER CONSIST