us history 17-18

It enriched speculators in San Francisco.

Which statement describes the impact of the wealth produced in the Nevada mining industry?

railroads and irresponsible hide hunters

Which group or groups decimated the buffalo herds on the Great Plains in the late nineteenth century?

They were forced to work hard to accomplish even the simplest tasks.

Which statement characterizes life for women on the western frontier in the late nineteenth century?

the richest vein of silver ore found on the North American continent.

The Comstock Lode was:

Family farms gave way to commercial farming.

How did the landscape of the trans-Mississippi West change between 1870 and 1900?

pioneers in the field of agribusiness

Henry Miller and Charles Lux fit into which category?

fighting for Chinese exclusion.

The Workingmen's Party was formed in 1876 for the purpose of:

they still needed about $1000 for a house, animals, fencing, seeds, and a well.

Homesteaders who moved to the West to settle on free land found that:

gave railroad companies 180 million acres of public land.

To encourage railroad construction in the decades after the Civil War, state and federal governments:

the opening of the transcontinental railroad

Along with the Homestead Act of 1862, which factor helped stimulate the land rush in the trans-Mississippi West?

The treaty was violated by the U.S. government after gold was discovered in the Black Hills.

Which statement describes the outcome of the second Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868)?

a hundred and sixty acres free to any citizen or prospective citizen who settled on land west of the Mississippi River for five years.

The Homestead Act of 1862 promised potential migrants to the West:

erase signs of students' Native American heritage.

The goal of Native American schools such as the Carlisle Indian School after the Civil War was to:

sprawling industrialized communities

Which term BEST characterizes Virginia City, Nevada, and other mining centers in the late nineteenth century?

They had a substantial presence in the region but not in the fiction of the time.

Which statement describes Black cowboys in the West in the late nineteenth century?

They hoped to preserve their culture in the face of white onslaught.

Why did the Plains Native Americans sign the 1851 Treaty of Fort Laramie, which ceded some of their land to allow the passage of wagon trains?

Reservations were marked with poverty and starvation, and devastated by disease.

Which statement describes life on the Native American reservations in the late nineteenth century?

American soldiers feared an uprising provoked by a militant interpretation of the Ghost Dance religion.

The U.S. Army gunned down unarmed Sioux at Wounded Knee Creek, South Dakota, in 1890 because:

Their proportion of the state's population fell from 82 percent to 19 percent.

Which statement describes the changes experienced by the Californios between 1850 and 1880?

Charles Crocker

Which railroad magnate hired a workforce composed largely of Chinese immigrants to lay tracks across the dangerous Sierra Nevada mountain range?

Colonel John M. Chivington butchered an entire village of Cheyenne.

Which statement describes the events at the Sand Creek Massacre in November 1864?

the Great American Desert

Which name did settlers passing through the western portion of Kansas and Nebraska and the eastern portion of Colorado in the years after 1870 have for the area?

religious ritual that was supposed to lead to the destruction of whites and the return of the buffalo.

The Ghost Dance was a:

grew through mechanization, commercialization, and expanding urban markets.

Between 1870 and 1900, the population of rural America shrank from 80 percent to 60 percent while the agricultural sector of the economy:

made the United States different from Europe.

The historian Frederick Jackson Turner argued that the western frontier in America in 1893:

people from various parts of Europe, Asia, and the Americas

Which group or groups composed the population of the area from the Great Plains to the Pacific Ocean during the last decades of the nineteenth century?

The government pushed Native Americans off their lands and into reservations.

Which statement describes the U.S. government's Indian policy during the middle of the nineteenth century?

Exodusters

In the late nineteenth century, Black freedmen escaping the constraints of sharecropping in the South who settled in Kansas were known as what?

New technology cut the time and labor cost of production in half.

Which statement describes an effect of the mechanized farm machinery introduced in the late nineteenth century?

The Sioux were hunted down by the American army.

Which statement describes events following the Sioux victory at the 1876 Battle of the Little Big Horn?

an increasing number of laborers worked land they would never own.

The transformation of agriculture to big business in the South and West during the post-Civil War era resulted in:

It gave women the right to vote.

How did the Utah legislature counter the criticism of polygamy in 1870?

Native American children were forced to live with white families over summer vacation.

Under the "outing system" of the 1880s:

They formed early and held considerable bargaining power.

Which statement is true of labor unions in the western mining industry?

Little Crow

Who led the Great Sioux Uprising in 1862?

The government sent nearly five hundred Apache to prisons in the South.

Which event followed Geronimo's surrender to General Miles in 1886?

the Irish

Which was the largest ethnic group in the western mining district of the United States in the late nineteenth century?

They founded all-Black communities such as the one at Nicodemus, Kansas.

How did African American settlers traveling westward respond to the racism they faced from white settlers?

already in the hands of speculators.

By the 1870s, homesteaders discovered that most of the prime land in the West was:

decrease the Chinese population of the American West.

The purpose of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was to:

Nez Percé

Which fleeing Native American tribe was hunted down by the U.S. Army just 50 miles from Canada in 1877?

It allowed ranchers to fence in their cattle.

How did the invention of barbed wire revolutionize the cattle industry?

using the scorched-earth policy he'd perfected during the Civil War

In which manner did William Tecumseh Sherman successfully defeat the Comanchería?

a shaman of the Chiricahua Apache tribe who led raids and burned ranches on both sides of the Mexican border

Who was Geronimo?

to own their own land

Why did hundreds of thousands of Americans migrate to the West in the three decades after 1870?

They worked primarily as housekeepers.

Which statement describes women in Virginia City by 1870?

division of reservations and allotment of individual plots of land to Native Americans.

The outcome of the Dawes Allotment Act of 1887 was:

Thomas Jefferson.

By the late nineteenth century, farmers were no longer the self-sufficient yeomen anchoring the republic as originally described by:

hydraulicking

Using high pressure water hoses to mine for gold was called

Chinese

The first transcontinental railroad was built mostly by what laborers?

lawmakers' own constituents.

Democrats dubbed the Republican-dominated Fifty-first Congress the "Billion Dollar Congress" because it spent the nation's surplus on:

to legally combine competing companies under a central administration

Why did Rockefeller ultimately reorganize Standard Oil as a holding company in the late nineteenth century?

William Graham Sumner

Who wrote the social Darwinist book What Social Classes Owe to Each Other?

a man who had used illegal methods to take over the oil industry.

In her 1902-1905 History of the Standard Oil Company published in McClure's Magazine, Ida M. Tarbell characterized John D. Rockefeller as:

by forcing employees to work long hours under extremely dangerous conditions for low pay

How did Carnegie Steel achieve the tremendous productivity that Andrew Carnegie insisted on?

to control the key elements of production and corner the market for oil

Why did John D. Rockefeller first organize Standard Oil as a trust?

fathered a child out of wedlock

After his statement that "the paramount issue this year is moral rather than political," supporters of Grover Cleveland in 1884 were disappointed to learn that Cleveland had:

it created a surplus that was not used to produce goods and services.

The tariff posed a threat to America's prosperity in the 1880s because:

They participated in the political process though other movements like temperance.

How did American women respond to the denial of their right to vote in the late nineteenth century?

Both attested to the nation's growing willingness to use federal measures to intervene in big business on behalf of the public interest.

Which statement describes a commonality that the 1887 Interstate Commerce Act and the 1890 Sherman Antitrust Act shared?

gender and race.

Ida B. Wells believed that lynching was a problem of:

He sometimes formed a community of interest comprised of a handful of directors.

How did J. P. Morgan achieve his stunning reorganization and consolidation of businesses in the late nineteenth century?

Birmingham, Alabama

Where did the South's iron and steel industry develop in the late nineteenth century?

the Supreme Court increasingly was reinterpreting the Constitution to protect business.

The economic theory of laissez-faire gained political clout in the late nineteenth century because:

Voting was an important way to get a government job.

Which factor explains the high voter turnout in national elections during the last three decades of the nineteenth century?

lynching.

Ida B. Wells was well known primarily for her stance on:

It placed all aspects of the business, from mining raw materials to marketing and transporting finished products, under the control of the chief operating officer.

Which statement describes the purpose of Andrew Carnegie's strategy of vertical integration?

controlled more than 90 percent of the oil business.

In the 1890s, Standard Oil:

industrialists

Which group enthusiastically supported the tariff in the nineteenth century?

the age of the inventor was becoming the age of the corporation.

The industries that grew up around the revolutionary inventions of Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Alva Edison demonstrated that:

largely forgotten because public expectations during their time in office were low.

The presidents who served in the last part of the nineteenth century, from Rutherford B. Hayes through William McKinley, were:

finance capitalism.

The turn of the twentieth century saw individual entrepreneurship in the United States yield to:

It should not interfere in economic affairs except to protect private property.

Which statement describes the beliefs of American businessmen who subscribed to the economic theory of laissez-faire regarding the role of the government in the economy?

Business became even more influential in politics than before.

Which statement describes an important consequence of the civil service reform of the 1880s?

Low entry costs allowed riotous competition.

Which statement describes the oil industry before John D. Rockefeller's rise to power?

the decision by Congress in 1873 to stop buying and minting silver.

When advocates of bimetallism referred to the crime of '73, they were talking about:

railroading

Which big business came to dominate American life in the second half of the nineteenth century?

the railroad system

Which industry was primarily responsible for the shift in the American economy in the late nineteenth century?

steel interests formerly controlled by Andrew Carnegie.

In 1901, J. P. Morgan acquired the core of what would become the largest corporation in the world when he purchased:

Stalwarts

Which group of Republicans fiercely supported the patronage system in the Gilded Age?

Henry George

Who was responsible for shedding light on income inequality in Gilded Age New York?

making a deal with a private group of bankers who would buy government bonds with gold.

President Grover Cleveland hoped to increase the nation's flagging gold reserves during the economic depression in the winter of 1894-1895 by:

mostly in urban areas

Where had electricity been put to use in the United States by the late nineteenth century?

Millionaires should be trustees and agents for the poor.

Which message did Andrew Carnegie promote in his essay "The Gospel of Wealth"?

It nominated a Stalwart, Chester A. Arthur, for vice president.

How did the Republican Party attempt to foster unity for the election of 1880?

land grants from federal and state governments

Which of these significantly boosted nineteenth-century railroad construction in America?

was shot by Charles Guiteau, a disappointed office seeker.

President James A. Garfield unwittingly helped the cause of civil service reform in 1881 when he:

consolidation and central control were preferable to competition.

Prominent business leader of the late nineteenth century J. P. Morgan believed that:

Progress is the result of competition where the strong survived and the weak died out.

Which idea was promoted by the theory of social Darwinism in the late nineteenth century?

He used a complicated organizational structure in his new company that allowed both local and cross-country communication.

How did Alexander Graham Bell's telephone revolutionize both communications and business in America?

Black men were a dangerous threat to white women.

In the decade between 1882 and 1892, lynching rose in the South by an overwhelming 200 percent, with more than 241 Black people killed. Lynching was used as a means of social control to terrorize and intimidate Black people. Which cultural myth was used to justify and legitimate the practice of white mobs lynching Black people?

led to passage of the first federal law regulating the railroad industry.

The Supreme Court's decision in Wabash v. Illinois (1886), which reversed its ruling in Munn v. Illinois (1877),

It was so weak in its early years that it served as little more than a historical precedent.

How effective was the Interstate Commerce Commission, the nation's first federal regulatory agency?

paper currency.

Following the Civil War, the American economy ran on:

made it impossible to remove people in civil service jobs for political reasons.

The Pendleton Act of 1883 established the Civil Service Commission and:

a lubricant and fuel for kerosene lighting.

The main purpose of crude oil in the United States before the advent of the automobile in the early twentieth century was its use as:

the country's total wealth.

The Greenback Labor Party believed that the government should issue paper currency based on:

Frederick Turner

Which person was NOT responsible for creating the Central Pacific Railroad?

J.P. Morgan

Who was the first private citizen to light his home with electricity?

George Westinghouse

Who was Thomas Edison's chief competitor?