PALM 200 - Male Reproductive System

bulbourethral glands

the two glands inferior to the prostate gland that secrete a sticky fluid that becomes a component of semen

ejaculation

action of ejecting semen from the genital ducts to the exterior

epididymis

long coiled duct located on the posterior surface each testis that stores, matures, and transports sperm between the testis and the ductus deferens

gamete

any sex cell; male sperm cell or female oocyte

gonad

organ that produces gametes; a male testis or female ovary

penis

external male organ used in urination and sexual intercourse

glans penis

rounded tip at the end of the penis

prepuce

fold of skin that covers the glans penis in uncircumcised males; foreskin

prostate gland

gland that surrounds the beginning of the urethra that secretes a fluid that becomes part of the semen

scrotum

sac that is suspended on either side of and behind the penis that encloses the testes and epididymis

semen

viscous fluid containing sperm and secretions of the testes and seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands

seminal vesicles

two glands posterior to the urinary bladder that produce seminal fluid, which becomes a component of semen

seminiferous tubules

coiled tubes in the testes where spermatozoa are formed

sperm

male sex cell produced by the testes that can fertilize an oocyte in a female to produce offspring

spermatic cord

cord-like structure consisting of a bundle of nerves, ducts, and blood vessels extending from the deep inguinal ring through the inguinal canal into the scrotum

testis

one of two oval male gonads located in the scrotum that produces sperm and testosterone

testosterone

male hormone produced by the testes

vas deferens

duct that carries spermatozoa from the epididymis to the urethra

male

andr/o

glans penis

balan/o

epididymis

epididym/o

testis, testicle

orch/o, orchid/o

duct, vessel, vas deferens

vas/o

fluid-filled sac

vesicul/o

masculine, male

andro-

hidden

crypt-

balanic

pertaining to the glans penis

coitus

sexual intercourse

condom

sheath for the penis worn during intercourse to prevent conception or infection

ejaculation

expulsion of semen from the male urethra

epididymal

pertaining to the epididymis

prostatic

pertaining to the prostate

puberty

period of development when secondary sex characteristics develop and the ability to reproduce begins

spermatic

pertaining to sperm

spermicide

substance that kills spermatozoa

testicular

pertaining to a testicle

andropathy

disease found only in males

anorchism

absence of the testes; may be congenital or acquired

aspermia

absence of sperm; inability to produce sperm

balanitis

inflammation of the glans penis

balanorrhea

abnormal discharge from the glans penis

benign prostatic hyperplasia

enlargement of the prostate gland

cryptorchidism

condition of hidden testes; failure of the testes to descend into the scrotum before birth

epididymitis

inflammation of the epididymis

erectile dysfunction

inability of a man to attain or maintain an erection

hydrocele

accumulation of fluid in the scrotum

oligospermia

deficiency of sperm in the semen

orchitis

inflammation of a testis or testicle

peyronie disease

condition of abnormal fibrous tissue in the erectile tissues of the penis, causing penile bending and pain during erection

phimosis

narrowing of the penis foreskin opening that prevents it from being retracted over the glans penis

priapism

abnormal persistent and painful erection of the penis

prostatic calculus

stone formed in the prostate gland

prostatitis

inflammation of the prostate gland

prostatorrhea

discharge from the prostate gland

spermatocele

sperm-containing cyst in the epididymis

testicular torsion

twisting of the spermatic cord, causing a decrease in blood flow to the penis

varicocele

enlargement of veins in the spermatic cord

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

disease of the immune system caused by an infection with human immunodeficiency virus (AIDS)

chlamydia

bacterial sexually transmitted disease that can occur with no symptoms until it progresses to where it damages organs; the most common STD in the US

condyloma

a wart-like lesion on the genitals

genital herpes

inflammatory STD caused by the herpes simplex virus; symptoms include blisters or ulcerative lesions on the genitals

gonorrhea

contagious, inflammatory STD affecting mucous membranes of the genitals and urinary system

human immunodeficiency virus

a virus that weakens the body’s immune system and can cause AIDS (HIV)

human papillomavirus

viral sexually transmitted disease that causes genital warts and other symptoms (HPV)

STD

any contagious disease acquired during sexual contact

syphilis

bacterial STD that causes sores called chancres; can spread to other parts of the body

prostate-specific antigen test

blood test that measures the amount of an enzyme released by the prostate gland known as prostate-specific antigen; increased levels indicate benign prostatic hyperplasia or prostate cancer

digital rectal examination

assessment done by inserting a finger into the male rectum to determine the size and shape of the prostate gland through the rectal wall

transrectal ultrasound

ultrasound imaging of the prostate gland done through the rectum

balancoplasty

surgical repair or reconstruction of the glans penis

circumcision

operation to remove the prepuce from the penis

epididymectomy

operation to remove the epididymis

orchiectomy

removal of one or both testes

orchiopexy

surgical treatment of an undescended testicle by freeing it and implanting it into the scrotum

orchiotomy

incision into a testis

orchioplasty

surgical repair or reconstruction of a testis

penile implant

device that is surgically placed in the penis to produce an erection; used to treat erectile dysfunction

prostatectomy

surgical procedure to remove all or part of the prostate

prostatolithotomy

incision into the prostate to remove a stone

transurethral incision of the prostate

surgical procedure for treating prostate gland enlargement by making one or two small incisions in the prostate to improve urine flow

transurethral resection of the prostate

removal of the prostate through the urethra using a resectoscope; used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia

vasectomy

surgical excising and closing off of a segment of each vas deferens to cause male sterality

vasovasostomy

surgical reconnecting of the vasa deferentia in a male with a vasectomy to restore fertility; vasectomy reversal operation

vesiculectomy

surgical removal of a part or all of a seminal vesicle

antiretroviral

drug used for the treatment of infection by a retrovirus, primarily HIV

antiviral

drug used specifically for treating viral infections

impotence agent

drug used to treat erectile dysfunction

vasodilator

drug used to open blood vessels; may be used to treat benign prostatic hypertrophy and erectile dysfunction

urology

medical specialty focusing on the study and treatment of conditions of the urinary system and male reproductive system

acquired immunodeficiency syndrom

AIDS

benign prostatic hyperplasia

BPH

digital rectal examination

DRE

erectile dysfunction

ED

human immunodeficiency virus

HIV

human papillomavirus

HPV

prostate-specific antigen

PSA

transurethral incision of the prostate

TIP

transrectal ultrasound

TRUS

transurethral resection of the prostate

TURP

venereal disease

VD