ANTR Unit 4

What are erythrocytes?

Red blood cells

What are leukocytes?

White blood cells

What are erythrocytes function?

Their primary function is gas transport (oxygen and carbon dioxide).

What are leukocytes function?

Their primary function is to protect the body from foreign materials.

What is the systemic circulatory system?

Is responsible for the transport of oxygenated blood to tissues via arteries and bringing the deoxygenated blood back to the heart via veins.

What is the pulmonary circulatory system?

Is responsible for the transport of deoxygenated blood to the lungs to be oxygenated via arteries and bringing the oxygenated blood back to the heart via veins.

What are the structures and function of arteries?

Typically carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, thus feel more pressure and need thicker walls. Also have more round lumens.

What are the structures and function of veins?

Typically carries deoxygenated blood towards the heart, feels less pressure so thinner walls.

What is the order blood would pass through in the general circulatory scheme?

1. Atria

2. Ventricles

3. Arteries

4. Arterioles

5. Capillaries

6. Venules

7. Veins

What is anastomosis?

The connection between multiple arteries.

What is an example of anastomosis?

Superficial and deep palmar arch.

What arterial structures are tested by the Allen’s Test?

Radial and ulnar artery.

What are end arteries?

They only have one blood supply to a specific area.

Where can you find end arteries?

Fingers, toes, and your nose.

Why are valves important in veins?

They make sure that blood only flows in one direction.

What does the skeletal muscle pump do?

When muscles contract, they bulge compressing veins, forcing blood back to the heart.

What does the respiratory pump do?

During inhalation, the thoracic cavity expands and pressure decreases and at the same time the abdominopelvic cavity pressure increases. This pressure gradient promotes blood flow back to the heart.

What are varicose veins?

Failure of valves to function properly and allows blood to pool up in veins causing them to dilate and distend.

What is thrombus?

A blood clot that forms in an undamaged blood vessel.

What is a deep vein thrombus?

The formation of a thrombus in veins (mostly in legs).

Posterior tibial artery

Popliteal artery

Common carotid artery

Dorsalis pedis artery

Brachial artery

Radial artery

Femoral artery

What body region does the brachiocephalic trunk supply?

Upper ride side of the body.

What body region does the right subclavian artery supply?

Right upper limb of the body.

What body region does the right common carotid artery supply?

Right head and neck.

What body region does the left common carotid artery supply?

Left head and neck.

What body region does the left subclavian artery supply?

Left upper limb of the body.

What body region does the posterior intercostal arteries supply?

Posterior thoracic body wall.

What body region does the inferior vena cava drain?

Abdomen, pelvis, and lower limbs.

What body region does the right and left subclavian veins drain?

Upper limbs.

What body region does the right and left internal jugular veins drain?

Head and neck.

What body region does the right and left brachiocephalic veins drain?

Upper limbs, head and neck.

What body region does the superior vena cava drain?

Everything above the diaphragm.

What body region does the azygos vein drain?

Right and left thoracic wall.

What body region does the right and left posterior intercostal veins drain?

Thoracic body wall.

What body region does the hemiazygos veins drain?

Structures of the left thoracic wall.

Posterior intercostal arteries

Inferior vena cava

Internal jugular veins

Right common carotid artery

Brachiocephalic trunk

Brachiocephalic veins

Ascending aorta

Posterior intercostal veins

Left subclavian artery

Hemiazygos vein

Left common carotid artery

Azygos vein

Descending (thoracic) aorta

Aortic arch

Right subclavian artery

Subclavian veins

Superior vena cava

What two major arteries supply the brain with blood?

Internal carotid artery and vertebral arteries.

What body region does the right and left renal arteries supply?

The kidneys.

What body region does the right and left gonadal arteries supply?

• Testicular artery (for testes)

• Ovarian artery (for ovaries)

What body region does the right and left common iliac arteries supply?

Pelvis and lower limbs.

What body region does the right and left internal iliac arteries supply?

Pelvis and gluteal.

What body region does the right and left external iliac arteries supply?

Lower limbs.

What body region does the celiac trunk supply?

Foregut (spleen, stomach, liver, and gallbladder), part of the duodenum, and part of the pancreas.

What body region does the superior mesenteric artery supply?

Midgut (small intestine, som pancreas, duodenum, and large intestine).

What body region does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?

Hindgut (distal colon and rectum).

Left external iliac artery

Left common iliac artery

Left gonadal artery

Right gonadal artery

Superior mesenteric artery

Left internal iliac artery

Celiac trunk

Right renal artery

Inferior mesenteric artery

Abdominal aorta

Left renal artery

What does the hepatic portal system do?

Veins that drain blood from one capillary system to another before returning to the heart. Capillary network (in digestive organ) → capillary network (in liver) → inferior vena cava → heart.

What does the caval system do?

All other veins that don’t need to pass through the liver.

What veins drain the foregut?

• Splenic vein (mostly)

• Superior mesenteric vein (some)

What veins drain the midgut?

• Superior mesenteric vein (mostly)

• splenic vein (some)

What vein drains the hindgut?

• Inferior mesenteric vein

What vein drains the kidneys?

• Renal veins

What veins drain the pelvis?

• Internal iliac vein

What veins drain the gonads?

• ovarian veins (for ovaries)

• testicular veins (for testes)

What vein drains the lower limb?

• external iliac vein

What is the path that venous blood from the GI organs take to reach the liver, then the right atrium?