Chapter 15 and 16 Vocab

Aqueous Solution

Solution in which the solvent is water

Colloid

Heterogeneous mixture with particles of intermediate size (1-1,000nm)

Electrolyte

A substance that conducts electricity when dissolved or molten

Nonelectrolytes

A substance that does not conduct electricity

Emulsion

Colloids that is a liquid dispersed into a liquid.

Solutions

A Homogeneous mixture in which a solvent dissolves a solute

Solutions particle size - 1nm

Solvation

Molecules are always in constant motion, process of positive ions of an ionic substance becoming surrounded by solvent molecules

Suspension

Have larger particles than solutions that do not stay suspended indefinitely avg - Greater than 1,000 nm

Tyndall Effect

The appearance of scattered or reflected visible light as it passes through a mixture.

Brownian Motion

Caused by collisions between colloidal particles and the dispersion medium

Surface Tension

The inward pull or force that tends to minimize the surface area of a liquid

Molarity

Molarity of a solution is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution (M=moles solute/liters solution)

Boiling Point - Elevation

In order to boil (liquid to gas), particles must reach surface and then leave liquid (Water is 100 degrees C + Change).

Concentrated Solution

Can be measured Qualitatively or Quantitatively (More solute per amount of solvent)

Colligative Property

Property of a solution that depends on the quantity of the solute, not the type or identity of the solute (3 main properties)

Dilute Solution

Less Solute per amount of solvent

Freezing Point - Depression

The difference in freezing point between the pure solvent and the solution. Freezing Point depression is directly proportional to the number of solute particles.

Henry’s Law

Solubility 1/Pressure 1=Solubility 2/Pressure 2

Immiscible

Pairs of Liquids that will NOT dissolve in each other

Miscible

Pairs of liquids that dissolve in each other in any quantity

Molality

The number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent

m= moles of solute/kilograms solvent

Saturated Solution

Solutions that contain the maximum amount of solute

Solubility

The amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent

Supersaturated Solution

Solution can be created by heating the solution, dissolving more solids, cool the solution.

Unsaturated Solution

Solutions containing less than the maximum amount of solute