A&P nerves flashcards

Functions of glia

Surround cell

Hold cell in place

Supply nutrients

Insulate one neuron from another

Types of glial cells

Astrocytes

Microglia

Ependymal cells

Oligodendrocytes

Schwann crlls

What do oligodendrocytes do?

Produce myelin sheath in PNS AND CNS

What do Schwann cells do

Forms myelin sheaths in PNS only

Components of neurons

Cell body

Dendrites

Axon

Structural classification of neurons

Multipolar, bipolar, unipolar

Functional classifications of neurons

Afferent, efferent, interneurons

Endoneurium

Surrounds each nerve fiber

Perineurium

Holds fascicles together

Epineurium

Surrounds multiple fascicles

White matter

Myelinated nerves (nerves in PNS, tracts in CNS)

When can nerve fibers be repaired?

When the damage is not extensive, the cell body and neurilemma are intact, and scarring has not occured

Action potential

Beginning movement of impulses

Gray matter

Unmyelinated (ganglia in PNS, nuclei in CNS)

How many neurotransmitters are known?

Over 30

Excitatory neurotransmitters

Makes movement

Inhibitory neurotransmitters

Stop and regulate

Small molecule neurotransmitters

Acetylcholine

Amine's

Amino acida

Nitric oxide

Neuropeptides

Can be secreted alone or with other peptides. Can act as neuromodulators

Neurotrophins

Stimulate neuron development and can be both neurotransmitters or neuromodulators

Nerve tissue development

Begins in ectoderm with rapid formation during fetal development and early childhood

Somatic nervous system

Voluntary control of skeletal muscles

Autonomic nervous system

Involuntary control for things like your heart beat.

Glial cells

Do not conduct information themselves but support neurons

Glia literally means what?

Glue

What is the ratio of glial cells to neurons?

Roughly 1:1

How fast do nerve impulses travel?

It depends on it's diameter and the presence of absence of a myelin sheath

How fast are the fastest and slowest nerve impulses?

130 m/s (300mph) and 0.5 m/s (1 mph)