Chapter 3 Assessment and Classification of Mental Disorders

Reliability

the degree to which a measure or procedure yields the same results repeatedly

Test retest reliability

Same results if given at two different points

Internal consistency reliability

Various parts of the test yield consistent results

Interrater reliability

Consistency of test results when scored by different administrators

Validity

the extent to which a test or procedure actually measures what it was designed to measure

Predictive validity

how well a test anticipates a person’s behavior or response (Sat -> college gpa)

Construct validity

how well a test or measure relates to the characteristics or disorder in question (bmi)

Content validity

how well a test measures what it is intended to measure

Standardization

the use of identical procedures in the administration of tests

Standardization sample

the comparison group on which test norms are based

Standard administration

professionals administering a test must follow common rules and procedures

Standardized tools

measure characteristics such as personality, social skills, intellectual abilities, or vocational interests

Projective personality test

testing involving responses to ambiguous stimuli, such as inkblots, pictures, or incomplete sentences

Self report inventories

Used to assess personality or symptoms such as depression, anciety, or emotional reactivity, May involve open ended questions or responding to a list of self descriptive phrases, Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory-3 MMPI-3, Beck depression inventory-2 BDI-II, Have multiple limitations, But have good validity and reliability

Intelligence tests

Wechsler adult intelligence scale, Stanford binet intelligence scale, Failure to consider other important influences, such as english proficiency levels, culture, poverty, discrimination, and oppression

Structural imaging

procedures that allow for visualization of brain anatomy

Functional imaging

procedures that provide data regarding physiological and biochemical processes occurring within the brain

Comorbidity

co occurence of two or more disorders in the same person

Subtypes

mutually exclusive subgrouping within a diagnosis

Specifiers

specific features associated with a diagnostic category

Cross cutting measures

assesses common symptoms that are not specific to one disorder

Prognosis

prediction of the probable outcome of a disorder, including the chances of full recovery

Psychological assessment

the process of gathering information and drawing conclusions about an individual’s traits, skills, abilities, and emotional functioning

Psychosis

a condition involving loss of contact with or a distorted view of reality, including disorganized thinking, false beliefs, or seeing or hearing things that are not there

Remission

a significant improvement in the symptoms of a disorder