med terms exam 2

a- (an- before vowel or h)

not, without, lacking, deficient

anti- (ant- before vowel or h)

against, opposed to, preventing, relieving

di-

two, twice, double

dys-

difficult, painful, defective, abnormal

ec- (ex- before vowel)

out of, away from

ecto- (ect- before a vowel)

outside of

en- (em- before b, m, p)

in, into, within

endo-, ento- (end-, ent- before vowel)

within

epi- (ep- before vowel or h)

upon, over, above

exo-

outside, from the outside, toward the outside

hemi-

half, partial; (often) one side of the body

hyper-

over, above, excessive, beyond normal

hypo- (hyp- before vowel or h)

under, deficient, below normal

mono- (mon- before vowel or h)

one, single

peri-

around, surrounding

syn- (sym- before b, p, m)

together, with, joined

-a

state, condition (forms nouns)

-ac

pertaining to, located in (forms adjectives)

-ia/ -y

state, condition (forms nouns)

-iac

person afflicted with (forms nouns)

-iasis

disease, abnormal condition, abnormal presence of (forms nouns)

-ic

pertaining to, located in or indicate a drug or agent or person suffering from a certain disability or condition (can form adjectives or nouns)

-in, -ine

forms names of substances (forms nouns)

-ist

a person interested in (forms nouns)

-itic

pertaining to; pertaining to inflammation or indicate a drug or agent (forms adjectives and nouns)

-itis/ -itides

indicating an inflamed condition: inflammation (forms nouns)

-ium/ -eum

membrane, connective tissue (forms nouns)

-ma

abnormal or diseased condition (forms nouns)

-osis

abnormal or diseased condition (forms nouns)

-otic

pertaining to (forms adjectives)

-sia

state, condition (forms nouns)

-sis

state, condition (forms nouns)

-tic

pertaining to or indicating a drug or agent (forms adjectives and nouns)

acanth-

thorn, spine

alg-

pain

alges-

sensitivity to pain

all-

other, divergence, difference from

angi-

(blood) vessel, duct

arteri-

\[air passage] artery

arthr-

joint

bi-

life

Brady-

slow

cardi-

heart

cephal-

head

crani-

skull

cyt-

\[hollow container] cell

encephal-

brain

erythr-

red, red blood cell

lept-

thin, fine, slight

leuk-

white, white blood cell

lith-

stone, calculus

log-

word, study

malac-

soft

mes-

middle, secondary, partial, mesentery

-meter, metr-

measure, measuring device

nephr-

kidney

neur-

\[tendon] nerve, nervous system

oste-

bone

prosop-

face

prot-

first, primitive, early

scler-

hard

sten-

narrow

stere-

solid, having three dimensions

tachy-

rapid

tox(i)-

poison

-logy

study, science, the study or science of

-logist

one who specializes in a certain study or science

-malacia

the softening (of tissues) of

-sclerosis

the hardening (of tissues) of

-stenosis

the narrowing (of a part of the body)

-toxic

poisonous (to an organ)

-toxin

a substance poisonous to (a part of the body)

amphi-, ampho-

on both sides, around, both

ana-

up, back, against

apo-

away from

cata- (cat- before vowel or h)

downward disordered

dia- (di- before a vowel)

through, across, apart

eso-

within, inner, inward

eu-

good, normal, healthy

heter-, hetero-

different, other, relationship to another

homo-, homeo-

same, likeness

meta- (met- before vowel or h)

change, transformation, after, behind

para- (par- before vowel)

alongside, around, abnormal, beyond

pro-

before

pros-, prosth-

in place of

-al

pertaining to, located in (forms adjectives)

-ase

forms names of enzymes (forms nouns)

-asia, -asis

state, condition (forms nouns)

-ema

state, condition (forms nouns)

-esis

state, condition, procedure (forms nouns)

-etic

pertaining to (forms adjectives)

-ics, -tics

indicating a particular science or study; science or study of (forms nouns)

-ism

state, condition, quality (forms nouns)

-ismus

state, condition, muscular spasm (forms nouns)

-oid, -ode, -id

indicating a particular shape, form, or resemblance; like, resembling (forms adjectives and nouns)

-oma

usually tumor, occasionally disease (forms nouns)

-ose

names of chemical substances or full of, resembling (forms nouns and adjectives)

-ous

pertaining to, characterized by, full of (forms adjectives)

-us

condition, person (forms nouns)

-ize

to make, become, cause to be, subject to, engage in (forms verbs)