Citizen Participation

democratization of parties

The ________ and associations is considered particularly important, as these mediate between society and state.

collaborative governance

Groups and communities are a necessary condition for (and a likely outcome of) success in ________.

everyday existence

The involvement of citizens must be continuous and direct, widening towards a capacity to intervene in all the different areas of a persons ________.

social stability

It facilitates ________ by developing a sense of community.

administrative skills

Technical, political, and ________ are needed to manage public affairs effectively- many citizens do not possess such skills.

Technical, political, and administrative skills are needed to manage public affairs effectively

many citizens do not possess such skills

Citizenship Participation

It is a fundamental theme central in the realm of politics and democracy. Another conception of democracy that has survived throughout contemporary (and liberal) democracies.

Liberal democracy

This is a constitution of bodies made up of specialized representatives. One head is equal to one vote.

Participatory democracy

This is a system of governance where voters can influence political choices and laws that have an impact on their daily lives directly rather than through elected officials.

Protest participation

An action such as social lobbying in political settings.

Social participation

Public hearings and surveys hosted by and involving citizens

Electoral participation

The act of campaigning for preferred political candidates and voting.

Obligatory participation

The paying of taxes and performing of mandated role.

Citizen Participation

It is when every citizen has the right to be involved in public decision making.

Liberal Democracy

This is a constitution of bodies made up of specialized representatives.Based on formal equality; one head is equated to one vote. Often bureaucratized, with prioritization in decision making.

Participatory Democracy

Posits strong constraints on the principle of delegation.Underlines the need to create the conditions for real equality.

Protest participation

Actions such as social lobbying in political settings.

Social participation

Public hearings and surveys hosted by and involving citizens.

Electoral participation

The act of campaigning for preferred political candidates and voting.

Obligatory participation

The paying of taxes and performing of mandated role.

Arguments of indirect democracy

People are too passionate and selfish, or too passive and apathetic.Citizens cannot be expected to be responsible for every public sector decision.

Arguments of direct democracy

The more citizens participate (individually and collectively) in increasing number of arenas, the more citizens are likely to become more capable.

Power asymmetry and the double-faced phenomenon of democracy

The democratization of parties and associations is considered particularly important, as these mediate between society and state.