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what is the gray-matter/ white-matter pattern of the spinal cord deep to superficial
D. grey-white
The adult brain hypothalamus develops from which primary vesicle?
B. prosencephalon
all of the following are considered cerebral white matter except
c. interneurons
which of the following activities are regulated by the medulla oblongata
a. cardiovascular activity
which sensory receptor responds to mechanical force
c. mechanoreceptors
where can proprioceptors be found in the human body
b. muscles and tendons
which of the following is the correct order of components of the reflex arc
c. receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, effector
which reflex is best associated with painful stimuli
a. flexor reflex
which neurotransmitter is released by a short, lightly myelinated preganglionic axon
C. acetylcholine
which of the following is not a characteristic of the sympathetic nervous system
c. increase in gastrointestinal activity
which of the following separates the right and left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex
A. longitudinal fissure
the patellar reflex is also known as the ______ reflex
D. stretch
the point of the corticospinal tracts crossover takes place within the ____?
C. medulla oblongata
the ____ goes deep into longitudinal fissure to the corpus callosum
B. falx cerebri
the collection of nerve roots at the inferior end of the vertebral canal around the L2-L5 area is called the _____?
A. cauda equina
during Wallerian degeneration, the _____ degrades axon ends and removes damaged axon debris.
B. macrophages
which of the spinal nerves leaves its associated vertebra inferiorly
D. C8
which of the following innervates the trunk/limb muscles and forms the nerve plexus
C. ventral ramus
the nerve plexus is seen in all the following body regions except
B. thoracic
this reflex uses contralateral responses by communicating through the gray commissure
D. crossed-extensor
which of the following are neuroglia of the PNS
C. Schwann cells
which type of neuron conducts impulses from peripheral receptors to brain and spinal cord
A. sensory neuron
which of the following connects two brain hemispheres together
D. corpus callosum
which of the following gives rise to the mesencephalon
B. midbrain
which of the following ventricles is located just behind the frontal lobe
B. lateral ventricle
which of the following represents a muscle or gland in the reflex arc
D. effector
which of the following descending tracts of the spinal cord cross over in the lower medulla oblongata
B. corticospinal tracts
which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for hearing and balance
C. VIII- vestibulocochlear (hearing + balance)
the filium terminale
A. anchors the spinal cord to coccyx
sympathetic fibers leave the spinal cord in the __________ regions whose postganglionic fibers secrete
D. thoracolumbar
what coarse connective tissue covers groups of nerve fibers known as fascicles
C. perineurium
true or false: postganglionic fibers of the parasymapthetic NS are stimulatory
B. false
a stretch reflex is what
B. monosynaptic/ ipsilateral
A man has just finished running a mile, and his heart rate and breathing begin to decrease. what cranial nerve is responsible for this
C. cranial nerve X(vagus)
which neurotransmitter receptor is always stimulatory
D. nicotinic receptors
what brain region is responsible for hearing and memory
A. temporal lobe
if an injury damages the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, what would happen?
C. afferent signals would be disrupted
