Studied by 5 peopleThe core focus of human geography is
Relationships between people and spaces
What is not studied by human geographers
anatomy
a McDonald’s restaurant in India represents the international spread of businesses known as
Globalization
The word culture describes
a means of communicating beliefs, practices, and values
What is NOT a part of culture
genetics
In order to investigate the spatial pattern of wheat production in the world, a geographer would investigate
Climate, soil characteristics, available technology, cultural preferences, food taboos, government policies
Identify the key points to remember about maps
Maps present information about the world in a simple, visual way
Cartographers gather and use a large amount of data to draw maps
Maps use a spatial perspective to show spatial patterns
Maps reveal spatial patterns that result from a specific process
the word spatial means “relating to space,” and it is essential to the study of geography. What best describes a spatial perspective
a geographic outlook that seeks to identify the uses of space and explain spatial patterns
proportional or graduated circle maps use symbols of different sizes to represent underlying numerical values. In this map entitled, “The Emerging Megaregions,” what is a disadvantage of using a proportional map to show emerging megaregions
many metropolitan ares of the northeastern United States seem to be merging together making the map difficult to understand
What is NOT a required general feature on maps
English writing
What is the scale of the data being mapped on this U.S map
Regions
A geographical concept, time-distance decay, states that near things are more related than distant things, and interaction between two places decreases the farther apart they are. Therefore, people are more likely to frequent a convenience store that is
In the neighborhood within walking distance
What type of map does this best illustrate
Elevation
Map projections are a way to represent Earth on a flat surface using two-dimensional representations. Each type of map projection distorts some aspect of Earth’s true surface. Which of the following map projections make Europe and North America appear much larger that Africa, when in fact Africa is more than three times as large as the lower 48 United States
Mercator Projection
geographic information systems and remote sensing are examples of
cartographic mapping
latitude and longitude coordinates were invented to help people
find a precise position on earth
the location of the prime meridian through Greenwich, England, represents
longitude 0
What is an example of absolute location
40.7128 N, 74.0060 W
what allows this shopper at an American mall to purchase a piece of clothing manufactured by this garment worker in Bangladesh
globalization
this photograph of global air travel best illustrates which geographic concept
time-space compression
the spread of people, ideas, or things from one location to other locations where these items are not initially found
diffusion
Jews who were expelled from Spain brought their religious beliefs and practices to the new areas in which they settled. This is a case of:
relocation diffusion
Kentucky Fried Chicken stores now exist in Shanghai, China’s largest city, and Beijing, its second major city. Soon, other KFC stores will open in other Chinese cities and towns that are smaller in size in a decreasing order. What type of diffusion does this process illustrate
hierarchical
The people of Siberia domesticated reindeer after learning about cattle being domesticated by people to their south. This is an example of which type of diffusion
stimulus
the outdated idea that people in the Pacific Islands were lazy or less intelligent than Europeans because of the tropical climate they lived in is known as
environmental determinism
why is carbon dioxide categorized as a greenhouse gas
it is a by-product of photosynthesis
the windmills in the photograph represent what kind of power generation
wind
the perspective of possibilism suggests that
ice hockey was originally restricted to areas with a cold enough climates
what are the most common types of scales of analysis
global scale, regional scale, national scale, and local scale
the “Midwest” and the “South” of the United States are best described as
vernacular regions
at a basic level, the vernacular region grows out of
people’s sense of belonging to and identification with a specific region
define the term spatial pattern
ways in which people, places and characteristics are organized on the Earth's surface
identify a specific example of a spatial pattern
many major cities are along a water source
why do we study spatial pattern
to better understand human behaviors, environmental factors, and relationship between people, and a location
define the term geographic processes
the physical and human forces that work together to form and transform the world
identify one type of geographic process
time-distance decay
why do we study geographic processes
to see the importance of looking at data and how it is connected
explain why scale is important when looking at geographic patterns and processes
phenomena happens at one scale is usually linked to what is happening on the other scales
what best describes a double dependency patterns
countries with a double dependency pattern have a moderate youth dependency ratio and a high elderly dependency ratio
Describe the age structure of a country with high birth rates
a young population
Baby Boomer Generation
Baby boomers born between 1946 and 1964 and have a continuing impact on the United States economy while entering retirement
What is the oldest social generation in the United States
the silent generation
what is NOT a major factor influencing a country’s population size
gender ratio
approximately how many people are on Earth today
7.8 billion
what is a true statement about the total fertility rate
it is the average number of children born per woman between 15-49 years of age
total fertility rate refers to the
the estimated average # of children born to females (15-45)
why are birth rates high in agricultural societies
children provide a source of labor
What are some statements about mortality rates
infant morality rates are slightly higher for boys than girls
infant mortality rates are measure in the number of deaths per thousand per year
infant mortality rates are a good index of living standards
infant mortality rates are higher throughout the developed world and lower in developing nations
the leading cause of death in developing nations is
infectious disease
What are common deaths in the developed world
-age-induced degenerative conditions
-cancer
-heart disease
-diabetes
the rule of 70 is used to calculate
The formula to calculate doubling time
when using the demographic transition model to study population, one would expect countries with high birth and death rate to be
preindustrialized
In which stage does the population decline begin
stage 3
A sharp decline in the birth rate beings in what stage
stage 3
the graph ties population growth primarily to which factor
industrialization
what led to China’s accelerated progression through the demographic transition
China’s one couple, one child policy
Which statement is least likely to be supported by cornucopias, sometimes referred to as anti-Malthusians
Humanity is heading to a world of scarcity and crisis
what best describes a way in which the United States has expanded its carrying capacity in recent years
by importing resources from other countries
Which of the following is a common socioeconomic problem associated with an expanding population?
Rapidly rising costs of retirement and medical expenditures
The degree of equality between men and women in terms of access to and control over physical and social resources in the family, community, and society is called
women’s status
Which of the following best explains the connection between a women’s education level and fertility?
Women who are more educated tend to marry at a later age and have fewer children than less-educated women.
In developing countries, women living in rural areas are more likely to
view children as an economic asset.
Which was a case of voluntary migration?
migration of elderly residents to coastal districts in Great Britain
Which of the following best explains the median age of the population around the world?
Median age varies considerably from one part of the world to another.
Which of the following best describes world median age trends?
Elderly people account for a higher percentage of the population in developed countries than in developing countries.
Which of the following best describes a consequence of an aging population?
A country with an aging population is likely to encounter a labor shortage.
Which of the following best explains a likely outcome of a country with a large population of elderly people?
The country will likely experience a strain on the healthcare system because of the increased cost to care for people with long life expectancies
Which of the following is the best example of a migrant?
A retiree moving from New York to Florida
Who coined the “laws of migration” based on European and North American census data?
Ernst G. Ravenstein
Which of the following is considered a push factor?
High unemployment
The fence located at the U.S.- Mexico border, pictured here, can best be described as an example of a(n)
intervening obstacle
Employment opportunities are considered which type of migration factor?
Economic pull factor
Which of the following types of diffusion is migration?
relocation
The original source of all human migrations was
Africa
After 20 years of living in the Philippines, a group of Han Chinese relocates back to China. This is an example of
return migration
Which of the following is NOT a push factor for a refugee?
cold climate
Which type of migration crosses country borders?
international migration
The principal source(s) of migrants to North America today are from
Latin America and Asia
Which is NOT one of the characteristics typically used by geographers to categorize migration?
race (white/non-white)
Suppose a family moves from the Russian countryside to Moscow, and then across the Russian border into Ukraine. This type of migration is an example of
step migration
The most important factor prompting voluntary migration is
economic
Environmental refugees have been displaced from their homes by
severe environmental disruption
Refugees are often BEST classified as
involuntary migrants
The UN estimates that there are approximately _____ million internally displaced persons (IDPs) worldwide
41.3
Which of the following best describes a social effect of migration?
Diseases such as cholera have spread and relocated due to human movement.
The cholera that diffused throughout Europe in the 1800s, arrived in Britain with soldiers and pilgrims who were travelling from
India
Civil wars in Sudan have been fought primarily between the_____ northern region and the _____ southern region.
Arabic; Christian
The customary behaviors associated with a culture’s food preparation and consumption are its:
foodways
The wide range of beliefs, values, myths, and symbolic meanings of a culture form its
nonmaterial culture
A(n) _____ culture is one composed of self-identified tribal peoples whose social, cultural, and economic conditions distinguish them from the national society of the country in which they live.
indigenous
The single most common variable by which different cultural groups are identified and by which they assert their unique identity is:
Language
The main means by which learned belief systems, customs, and skills pass from one generation to the next is:
language
What word is used to describe a state, such as Switzerland, where several languages are spoken?
polyglot
Which statement BEST summarizes the current approach of the U.S. Census Bureau to self-definitions of race?
Individuals may choose to identify themselves with more than one racial group.
Which is NOT true of religion
\n It requires a belief in one god.
The presence of _____ in a downtown area may contribute to a sense of placelessness
Walmart and McDonald’s
The term placelessness refers to:
standardization of landscape
The intensely terraced hills in Southeast Asia are examples of:
cultural landscapes
The city in which Jews built and rebuilt a temple that served as a center of worship, Jesus Christ was crucified, and Muhammad ascended into heaven is:
Jerusalem
What artifacts in the landscape have become controversial in the United States, with many people arguing that they are unwelcome reminders of a racist past?
Civil War monuments
Note
Flashcard