HuGe practice exam

The core focus of human geography is

Relationships between people and spaces

What is not studied by human geographers

anatomy

a McDonald’s restaurant in India represents the international spread of businesses known as

Globalization

The word culture describes

a means of communicating beliefs, practices, and values

What is NOT a part of culture

genetics

In order to investigate the spatial pattern of wheat production in the world, a geographer would investigate

Climate, soil characteristics, available technology, cultural preferences, food taboos, government policies

Identify the key points to remember about maps

1. Maps present information about the world in a simple, visual way 
2. Cartographers gather and use a large amount of data to draw maps
3. Maps use a spatial perspective to show spatial patterns 
4. Maps reveal spatial patterns that result from a specific process 

the word spatial means “relating to space,” and it is essential to the study of geography. What best describes a spatial perspective

a geographic outlook that seeks to identify the uses of space and explain spatial patterns

proportional or graduated circle maps use symbols of different sizes to represent underlying numerical values. In this map entitled, “The Emerging Megaregions,” what is a disadvantage of using a proportional map to show emerging megaregions

many metropolitan ares of the northeastern United States seem to be merging together making the map difficult to understand

What is NOT a required general feature on maps

English writing

What is the scale of the data being mapped on this U.S map

Regions

A geographical concept, time-distance decay, states that near things are more related than distant things, and interaction between two places decreases the farther apart they are. Therefore, people are more likely to frequent a convenience store that is

In the neighborhood within walking distance

What type of map does this best illustrate

Elevation

Map projections are a way to represent Earth on a flat surface using two-dimensional representations. Each type of map projection distorts some aspect of Earth’s true surface. Which of the following map projections make Europe and North America appear much larger that Africa, when in fact Africa is more than three times as large as the lower 48 United States

Mercator Projection

geographic information systems and remote sensing are examples of

cartographic mapping

latitude and longitude coordinates were invented to help people

find a precise position on earth

the location of the prime meridian through Greenwich, England, represents

longitude 0

What is an example of absolute location

40\.7128 N, 74.0060 W

what allows this shopper at an American mall to purchase a piece of clothing manufactured by this garment worker in Bangladesh

globalization

this photograph of global air travel best illustrates which geographic concept

time-space compression

the spread of people, ideas, or things from one location to other locations where these items are not initially found

diffusion

Jews who were expelled from Spain brought their religious beliefs and practices to the new areas in which they settled. This is a case of:

relocation diffusion

Kentucky Fried Chicken stores now exist in Shanghai, China’s largest city, and Beijing, its second major city. Soon, other KFC stores will open in other Chinese cities and towns that are smaller in size in a decreasing order. What type of diffusion does this process illustrate

hierarchical

The people of Siberia domesticated reindeer after learning about cattle being domesticated by people to their south. This is an example of which type of diffusion

stimulus

the outdated idea that people in the Pacific Islands were lazy or less intelligent than Europeans because of the tropical climate they lived in is known as

environmental determinism

why is carbon dioxide categorized as a greenhouse gas

it is a by-product of photosynthesis

the windmills in the photograph represent what kind of power generation

wind

the perspective of possibilism suggests that

ice hockey was originally restricted to areas with a cold enough climates

what are the most common types of scales of analysis

global scale, regional scale, national scale, and local scale

the “Midwest” and the “South” of the United States are best described as

vernacular regions

at a basic level, the vernacular region grows out of

people’s sense of belonging to and identification with a specific region

define the term spatial pattern

ways in which people, places and characteristics are organized on the Earth's surface

identify a specific example of a spatial pattern

many major cities are along a water source

why do we study spatial pattern

to better understand human behaviors, environmental factors, and relationship between people, and a location

define the term geographic processes

the physical and human forces that work together to form and transform the world

identify one type of geographic process

time-distance decay

why do we study geographic processes

to see the importance of looking at data and how it is connected

explain why scale is important when looking at geographic patterns and processes

phenomena happens at one scale is usually linked to what is happening on the other scales

what best describes a double dependency patterns

countries with a double dependency pattern have a moderate youth dependency ratio and a high elderly dependency ratio

Describe the age structure of a country with high birth rates

a young population

Baby Boomer Generation

Baby boomers born between 1946 and 1964 and have a continuing impact on the United States economy while entering retirement

What is the oldest social generation in the United States

the silent generation

what is NOT a major factor influencing a country’s population size

gender ratio

approximately how many people are on Earth today

7\.8 billion

what is a true statement about the total fertility rate

it is the average number of children born per woman between 15-49 years of age

total fertility rate refers to the

the estimated average # of children born to females (15-45)

why are birth rates high in agricultural societies

children provide a source of labor

What are some statements about mortality rates

infant morality rates are slightly higher for boys than girls

infant mortality rates are measure in the number of deaths per thousand per year

infant mortality rates are a good index of living standards

infant mortality rates are higher throughout the developed world and lower in developing nations

the leading cause of death in developing nations is

infectious disease

What are common deaths in the developed world

\-age-induced degenerative conditions

\-cancer

\-heart disease

\-diabetes

the rule of 70 is used to calculate

The formula to calculate doubling time

when using the demographic transition model to study population, one would expect countries with high birth and death rate to be

preindustrialized

In which stage does the population decline begin

stage 3

A sharp decline in the birth rate beings in what stage

stage 3

the graph ties population growth primarily to which factor

industrialization

what led to China’s accelerated progression through the demographic transition

China’s one couple, one child policy

Which statement is least likely to be supported by cornucopias, sometimes referred to as anti-Malthusians

Humanity is heading to a world of scarcity and crisis

what best describes a way in which the United States has expanded its carrying capacity in recent years

by importing resources from other countries

Which of the following is a common socioeconomic problem associated with an expanding population?

Rapidly rising costs of retirement and medical expenditures

The degree of equality between men and women in terms of access to and control over physical and social resources in the family, community, and society is called

women’s status

Which of the following best explains the connection between a women’s education level and
fertility?

Women who are more educated tend to marry at a later age and have fewer children than less-educated women.

In developing countries, women living in rural areas are more likely to

view children as an economic asset.

Which was a case of voluntary migration?

migration of elderly residents to coastal districts in Great Britain

Which of the following best explains the median age of the population around the world?

Median age varies considerably from one part of the world to another.

Which of the following best describes world median age trends?

Elderly people account for a higher percentage of the population in developed
countries than in developing countries.

Which of the following best describes a consequence of an aging population?

A country with an aging population is likely to encounter a labor shortage.

Which of the following best explains a likely outcome of a country with a large population of elderly people?

The country will likely experience a strain on the healthcare system because of the increased cost to care for people with long life expectancies

Which of the following is the best example of a migrant?

A retiree moving from New York to Florida

Who coined the “laws of migration” based on European and North American census data?

Ernst G. Ravenstein

Which of the following is considered a push factor?

High unemployment

The fence located at the U.S.- Mexico border, pictured here, can best be described as an example of a(n)

intervening obstacle

Employment opportunities are considered which type of migration factor?

Economic pull factor

Which of the following types of diffusion is migration?

relocation

The original source of all human migrations was

Africa

After 20 years of living in the Philippines, a group of Han Chinese relocates back to China. This is an example of

return migration

Which of the following is NOT a push factor for a refugee?

cold climate

Which type of migration crosses country borders?

international migration

The principal source(s) of migrants to North America today are from

Latin America and Asia

Which is NOT one of the characteristics typically used by geographers to categorize migration?

race (white/non-white)

Suppose a family moves from the Russian countryside to Moscow, and then across the Russian border into Ukraine. This type of migration is an example of

step migration

The most important factor prompting voluntary migration is

economic

Environmental refugees have been displaced from their homes by

severe environmental disruption

Refugees are often BEST classified as

involuntary migrants

The UN estimates that there are approximately _____ million internally displaced persons (IDPs) worldwide

41\.3

Which of the following best describes a social effect of migration?

Diseases such as cholera have spread and relocated due to human movement.

The cholera that diffused throughout Europe in the 1800s, arrived in Britain with soldiers and pilgrims who were travelling from

India

Civil wars in Sudan have been fought primarily between the_____ northern region and the _____ southern region.

Arabic; Christian

The customary behaviors associated with a culture’s food preparation and consumption are its:

foodways

The wide range of beliefs, values, myths, and symbolic meanings of a culture form its

nonmaterial culture

A(n) _____ culture is one composed of self-identified tribal peoples whose social, cultural, and economic conditions distinguish them from the national society of the country in which they live.

indigenous

The single most common variable by which different cultural groups are identified and by which they assert their unique identity is:

Language

The main means by which learned belief systems, customs, and skills pass from one generation to the next is:

language

What word is used to describe a state, such as Switzerland, where several languages are spoken?

polyglot

Which statement BEST summarizes the current approach of the U.S. Census Bureau to self-definitions of race?

Individuals may choose to identify themselves with more than one racial group.

Which is NOT true of religion

\n It requires a belief in one god.

The presence of _____ in a downtown area may contribute to a sense of placelessness

Walmart and McDonald’s

The term placelessness refers to:

standardization of landscape

The intensely terraced hills in Southeast Asia are examples of:

cultural landscapes

The city in which Jews built and rebuilt a temple that served as a center of worship, Jesus Christ was crucified, and Muhammad ascended into heaven is:

Jerusalem

What artifacts in the landscape have become controversial in the United States, with many people arguing that they are unwelcome reminders of a racist past?

Civil War monuments