APUSH Unit 7 Vocab Flashcards

Progressivism

Movement advocating government intervention, but sought change without completely altering capitalism or the democratic system.

Pragmatism

Philosophical approach asserting that truth can only be discovered through experience and that the value of ideas should be measured by their practical consequences.

Muckrakers

Investigative journalists who expose corruption, scandal, and vice.

Hull House

A center for social reform established by Jane Addams and Ellen Starr.

Segregation

The act of separating individuals based on race or color.

National Association of Colored Women (NACW)

Organization aimed at promoting the rights and welfare of black individuals.

Muller v. Oregon (1908)

A landmark case that established 10-hour workdays for women.

Sheppard-Towner Act (1921)

Legislation that allowed nurses to offer maternal and infant health care information to mothers.

Feminists

Women who advocate for equal opportunities and rights as men.

19th Amendment (1920)

Constitutional amendment that grants women the right to vote.

Booker T. Washington

Promoter of moral and economic development who accepted racial segregation.

Ida B. Wells

Activist who believed black leaders needed to speak out against racial inequality and lynching.

W.E.B. Du Bois

Advocate for education and equal voting rights to advance the African American community.

18th Amendment

Prohibition of alcohol enacted in 1919.

The Mann Act (1910)

Legislation that banned the transportation of women across state lines for immoral purposes.

Angel Island

Detention center for Chinese immigrants seeking to prove eligibility for U.S. entry.

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

An industrial disaster in NYC, highlighting inadequate safety precautions.

Municipal Reformers

Advocates for replacing district elections with citywide 'at-large' elections to reduce immigrant influence.

17th Amendment

Mandated that U.S. senators be elected by popular vote.

Hetch Hetchy Valley

A dam built to supply San Francisco with water and power after the 1906 earthquake.

Bully Pulpit

A platform used by Theodore Roosevelt to promote his programs and rally public support.

The Jungle

Upton Sinclair’s novel that exposed unsanitary practices in the meat production industry.

Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)

Legislation that prohibited the sale of adulterated or fraudulently labeled food and drugs.

Progressive Party

Political party advocating for income tax, an 8-hour workday, unions, women's suffrage, and an end to child labor.

New Nationalism

The agenda pushed by Theodore Roosevelt to increase regulation of large corporations and extend social justice.

New Freedom

Woodrow Wilson's limited government progressive agenda.

Underwood Act (1913)

Legislation aimed at reducing import duties.

16th Amendment (1913)

Constitutional amendment providing a legal basis for a graduated income tax.

Clayton Antitrust Act (1914)

Legislation that strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act by banning certain corporate practices.

Adamson Act

Legislation establishing an 8-hour workday and overtime pay for railroad workers.

Keating-Owen Act

Law outlawing child labor in interstate commerce.

Workmen's Compensation Act

Provided insurance for federal employees in case of injury.

Spanish-American War (1898)

The conflict where the U.S. sided with Cuba in its fight for independence from Spain.

Teller Amendment

Promised Cuban independence while allowing U.S. intervention.

The Philippine War

Conflict following the U.S. victory in 1898, maintaining control over the Philippines until 1946.

'Speak softly – carry a big stick'

The foreign policy of President Roosevelt advocating for peaceful solutions backed by military readiness.

Hay-Pauncefote Treaty

Agreement allowing the U.S. to build the Panama Canal.

Roosevelt Corollary (1904)

Asserted U.S. intervention rights in Latin America to maintain stability.

Monroe Doctrine

Policy opposing European intervention in the Americas.

Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905)

Conflict triggered by Russian expansion into Manchuria leading to Japan's attack.

The Great White Fleet (1905)

U.S. naval fleet demonstrating American military power through a world tour.

Dollar Diplomacy

U.S. policy of using economic investments to influence other countries.

World War I (1914–1918)

Major global conflict primarily in Europe between Allies and Central Powers.

Central Powers

Alliance of Austria-Hungary, Germany, and the Ottoman Empire.

Allies

Alliance including Great Britain, France, and Russia.

Lusitania

British luxury liner sunk by German submarines in 1915.

Zimmermann Telegram

1917 communication proposing a German-Mexican alliance against the U.S.

Selective Service Act of 1917

Law that drafted 3 million men into military service.

National War Labor Board

Agency established to resolve labor disputes during WWI.

Wilson’s Fourteen Points

President Wilson's proposal aimed at preventing future wars.

Paris Peace Conference (1919)

Meeting where Allies decided to impose punitive measures on Germany.

The Red Scare

Period of fear of Communist-inspired radicalism following the Russian Revolution.

Palmer Raids

Government crackdown on suspected radicals, leading to mass deportations.

Influenza Pandemic (1918)

Disease outbreak that infected nearly 20% of the U.S. population.

Great Migration (1918)

Movement of African Americans to the North for wartime jobs.

American Plan

Voluntary program designed to protect worker welfare post WWI.

Teapot Dome Scandal

Corruption scandal involving oil reserves in the early 1920s.

Lost Generation

Writers and artists disillusioned by the consumer culture of the 1920s.

New Woman

Term describing a modern, sexually liberated woman in the 1920s.

New Negro

African Americans asserting their rights post-emancipation.

Harlem Renaissance

Cultural movement among African American writers, artists, and musicians in the 1920s.

Americanization

Process of immigrants adopting American culture and customs.

Indian Citizenship Act (1924)

Law granting U.S. citizenship to Native Americans.

Immigration Act of 1924

Legislation limiting immigration, particularly from certain regions.

KKK Reemergence (1915)

Revival of the Ku Klux Klan focused on broader targets beyond Black Americans.

Decline of Progressivism

Post-WWI shift in focus away from social reforms toward normalcy.

The Agricultural Marketing Act of 1929

Law aimed at assisting farmers by stabilizing crop prices.

Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act (1930)

Tariff raising import taxes, leading to trade wars in response to the Great Depression.

The Dust Bowl

Severe drought in the 1930s ruining agriculture and displacing families.

The Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934

Law granting the Philippines independence and restricting immigration.

The Farm Holiday Association

1930s movement where farmers protested low prices by withholding produce.

The Ford Factory Protest of 1932

Protest march demanding jobs that became violent.

The New Deal

Series of programs by Franklin D. Roosevelt aimed at economic recovery during the Great Depression.

21st Amendment (1933)

Constitutional amendment that ended prohibition.

The Old Age Revolving Pensions Corporation (OARP)

Proposed pension plan for Americans over 60 to stimulate the economy.

The Works Progress Administration (WPA)

New Deal program providing jobs and funding for public projects.

The Social Security Act of 1935

Established retirement benefits and unemployment insurance.

Fair Labor Standards Act (1938)

Set minimum wages and maximum working hours.

India Reorganization Act

Legislation providing self-government for Native American reservations.

Court Packing Plan (1937)

Scheme to increase the size of the Supreme Court.

Isolationism

Policy advocating non-involvement in foreign affairs.

Nazism

Fascist ideology of the Nazi party in Germany.

Third Reich

The term Hitler used to describe the Nazi regime in Germany.

Tripartite Pact

Mutual defense agreement between Japan, Germany, and Italy.

Attack on Pearl Harbor (1941)

Japanese surprise attack on a U.S. naval base, prompting American entry into WWII.

War Power Act

Authorized the president to reorganize federal agencies for war efforts.

War Production Board

Agency overseeing the U.S. economy during WWII.

Tuskegee Airmen

African American pilots who served in WWII, overcoming discrimination.

Women’s Jobs at Start of WWII

Clerical and service roles, primarily in textile and clothing factories.

Double V Symbol

Representation of the fight against racism both internationally and domestically.

Zoot Suit Riots

Violent clashes rooted in racial tensions towards Mexican American youths.

Executive Order 9066

Military order authorizing internment of Japanese Americans.

Second Front

Call for an additional battlefront during WWII to ease pressure on the Soviet Union.

D-Day (June 6, 1944)

Allied invasion of Nazi-occupied France, marking a significant turning point in WWII.

Island Hopping

Strategy to capture key islands in the Pacific while bypassing heavily fortified ones.

The Battle of the Bulge

Last major German offensive in WWII, ultimately leading to their defeat.

Impact of WWII for the U.S.

Economic recovery from the Great Depression, civil rights improvements, and global superpower status.