Sexual Reproduction lecture 8

These flashcards cover key concepts related to sexual reproduction, chromosomal structures, and genetic anomalies as discussed in the lecture.

Zygote

A diploid cell formed from the fusion of two haploid gametes.

Diploid Dominant Species

Organisms like humans that spend most of their life cycle as diploid.

Haploid

A cell or organism with one set of chromosomes.

Meiosis

A type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating haploid cells.

Alternation of Generations

A reproductive cycle involving both multicellular diploid sporophytes and multicellular haploid gametophytes.

Chromosome Variation

Changes in chromosome structure or number that can impact an organism's health or lead to new species.

Aneuploidy

An abnormal number of chromosomes, such as having an extra or missing chromosome.

Trisomy

A condition where an individual has three copies of a chromosome instead of two.

Nondisjunction

The failure of chromosomes to separate properly during cell division, leading to aneuploidy.

Polyploidy

The condition of having three or more complete sets of chromosomes.