Lab lecture flashcards

Flashcards about the lab lectures.

Camphor Reduction

A ketone reduced with sodium or a hydride to an alcohol, creating a chiral center.

Kinetic Control

A reaction controlled by the rate of formation of products, rather than their stability. It occurs in irreversible reactions.

Alcohol Dehydrogenase

An enzyme that can be competitively inhibited by ethanol to prevent the oxidation of methanol into toxic formaldehyde and formic acid.

GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry)

A technique used to identify components by separating them based on their boiling points and masses.

NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance)

A technique used to determine the structure and properties of molecules by analyzing their response to magnetic fields.

Fischer Esterification

Carboxylic Acid + Alcohol (presence of acid as catalyst) -> Ester + Water

Le Chatelier's Principle

A method to shift the equilibrium of a reaction by adding more reactants or removing products.

Infrared Spectroscopy (IR)

Spectroscopy technique that uses infrared radiation to excite molecular bond vibrations, providing information about functional groups.

Wavenumbers

In IR spectroscopy, represents the number of waves per centimeter (cm-1), used as a unit for measuring the frequency of molecular vibrations.

% Transmittance

In IR spectroscopy, the percentage of light that passes through a sample without being absorbed, indicating the presence or absence of specific bonds.

Double Aldol Condensation

A two-step reaction involving the oxidation of an alcohol to a ketone, followed by condensation reactions and elimination, ultimately leading to the formation of a complex product.

Diels-Alder Reaction

A reaction between a conjugated diene and a dienophile to form a cyclic adduct

Benzyne

An unstable, highly reactive intermediate in organic chemistry.

Qualitative Analysis

Tests that involves a systematic analysis of compounds based on their chemical properties and reactions to identify unknown substances, determining functional groups.

Chemical Tests

Tests commonly use to determine the presence or absence of particular functional groups, offering insights into the chemical composition of a sample.

Ceric Nitrate Test

Colored complex that is formed to confirm the presence of an OH group.

DNP Test

Test used for the indentification of aldehydes and ketones.

Ferric Tests

Tests where compound with the use of ferric chloride can indicate the presence of phenols or ester.

Diazonium Ions

Cations formed from primary amines that release nitrogen gas quickly, distinguishing them from aryl amines.

Iron (II) Hydroxide

Reducing agent used to identify Nitro Groups.

Silver Nitrate Test

Will precipitate with alkyl halides with AgNO3 by undergoing SN1 reactions.

Anilides and Toluidides

Derivatives formed from carboxylic acids

Urethanes

Derivatives formed from alcohol/phenol

Acetamides and Benzamides

Products formed from esters.