this was everything we reviewed in class... would also know the formula for glucose and photosynthesis
biology
the study of living things
organisms
any living things
botany
the study of plants
zoology
the study of animals
physiology
the study of physical structure and function of the human body
herbaceous
non-woody plant
taproot
one main root (stores food)
fibrous root system
many small roots (keeps in ground)
angiosperms
flowering seed plants (half of population of plants)
composite
known for not having petals; ray flowers and disk flowers (daisy)
rose family
family that has an open five-petal design
pea family
family that is used as food and forage; legumes
mint family
family that is used in cooking and landscaping and has square stems
annual
lives for one growing season
cashew family
family that contains the three most common poisonous plants
perennial
lives for several growing seasons
pea family
family that is used to prevent soil erosion
nitrogen cycle
the movement of nitrogen from air, into the soil, and back into the air
nightshade family
family that contains tomato, irish potato, pepper, eggplant, deadly nightshade, woody nightshade, tobacco, petunia; many are poisonous
grass
considered the most important group of plants on earth
monocots
1 cotyledon
Parallel veins
Petals in multiples of 3
Fibrous root system
dicots
2 cotyledons
Broad, flat leaves with branching veins
Petals in multiples of 4 or 5
Taproot system
stolon
a creeping stem that grows above the ground
grain
fruit of the flower cluster
wheat
corn
rice
what are the three most important cereal crops?
trees
the largest of all plants
deciduous
when trees lose their leaves
crown
the leaves of the tree
trunk
the main stem of the tree
catkins
flowers of some trees
samara
fruit of the maple trees
magnolias
symbol of the american south
birch
thin, smooth bark peels off in layers
sycamores
america’s largest deciduous tree
bracts
flowers like petals on a dogwood
system
a group of structures designed to function together as a unit to perform a particular job for an organism
shoot system
the part of the plant that is usually found above ground, holding the leaves toward the sun for the manufacturing of food and providing for the production of flowers, fruits, and seeds
organ
a structure within a system that has a definite form and performs a definite function or functions for the system
blade
flat portion of a leaf
bud
contain developing leaf or stem structures
compound leaves
more than one blade on every petiole
nodes
the points at which leaves grow from the stem
tissue
living material that is constructed in such a way as to perform a particular task for the organs of an organism
opposite
when two leaves grow from each node
alternate
only one leaf grows from each node in an alternating pattern up the branch
whorled
when there are three or more leaves growing from each node
xylem
transports water and dissolved minerals upward from the roots to the leaves
phloem
transports food manufactured in the leaves downward
stipules
small leaf-like or scale-like structures that helped to cover the leaf when it was developing
petiole
the second major part of a typical leaf
margin
the edge of the blade
midrib
the large vein of the leaf
meristematic
plant tissue responsible for the growth and repair of plants
epidermis
provides covering and protection for both the upper and lower leaf surfaces
cuticle
consists of a waxy substance that helps to seal in water
stomata
tiny opening in the surface of a leaf that allows gases to enter and leave the leaf; also called leaf pore
parallel venation
leaf venation in which the veins are usually parallel to each other along the length of the leaf; monocots
pinnate
leaf venation in which the veins are in a branching pattern characterized by a midrib with smaller veins extending out from it
palmate
leaf venation in which two or more major veins extend outward from one point
cell
the basic structural unit of all living things
cell wall
found around the outside of the cell membrane
cellulose
a complex carbohydrate made up of long chains of glucose (a simple sugar) molecules
chlorophyll
the green pigment that gives plants their color and enables them to capture the energy of light
autotroph
organisms, such as green plants, that can make their own food; producers
heterotrophs
organisms that cannot make their own food and must obtain it from other organisms; consumers
photosynthesis
the process whereby a plant’s chloroplasts capture the radiant energy of light and convert it into the chemical energy of food
glucose
a simple sugar