AP European History - Semester 2

One of the main destinations in Africa for many Europeans was ________.

South Africa

What labor-related term was coined in the latter half of the nineteenth century?

unemployment

The first major public power plant in Europe was constructed in ________.

Great Britain

Small shop owners considered which of the following a threat?

department stores

Which of the following was considered a white-collar worker?

lower-level government bureaucrat

Who did Napoleon III appoint to redesign Paris, with a partial goal of widening the streets to make for an easier response to insurrections?

Baron Georges Haussmann

By 1910, which European city had the highest population?

London

In the nineteenth century, cholera struck ________.

all classes

The name given to the practice by Russian police and right-wing groups of conducting riots against the Jews was ________.

pogrom

Anti-Semitism was strongest under ________ rule in the late 1800s.

Russian

Count Sergei Witte ________.

worked to industrialize Russia

What was a key contributory factor to the migration of Europeans in the 1800s?

the emancipation of peasants

The Second Industrial Revolution was associated with ________.

steel, chemicals, and electricity

Middle-class reformers targeted which of the following issues as an impediment to a healthy and politically stable population?

housing conditions

Progress in Europe that enabled married women to own property came first in ________.

Great Britain

One of the two major developments affecting the economic lives of women during the Second Industrial Revolution was _______.

a large expansion in the variety of available jobs

The International Working Men's Association, known as the First International, ________.

was short-lived but had a profound impact on socialist efforts in Europe

Which of the following is considered a strong trigger for the Russian Revolution of 1905?

the Bloody Sunday shootings

Bismarck attempted to persuade German workers to oppose socialism by ________.

implementing programs that offered a paternalistic alternative to socialism

In What Is to Be Done?, Vladimir Lenin argued for implementation of ________.

a modified version of Marx's socialist revolution

Why did Great Britain and France align themselves with the Ottoman Empire during the Crimean War?

They opposed Russian expansion in the eastern Mediterranean where they had naval and commercial interests.

Who were the Young Turks?

a group of reformist officers who wanted to modernize the Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire's constitution of 1876 ________.

called for a parliament

The Hatt-i Sharif of Gülhane ________.

extended civic equality to all Ottoman subjects regardless of their religion

The Italian peninsula was transformed into a nation-state under a constitutional monarchy by ________.

1860

Giuseppe Mazzini and Giuseppe Garibaldi ________.

conducted guerrilla warfare in their attempts to establish an Italian republic

The Paris Commune was composed of ________.

radicals and socialists

Which of these ruled the French Second Empire?

Napoleon III

Following the January Insurrection of 1863, ________ was treated as merely another Russian province.

Poland

The leader of Ireland's movement for home rule in the late 1800s was ________.

Charles Stewart Parnell

The Crimean War was rooted in the ________.

long-standing desire of Russia to extend its influence over the Ottoman Empire

For the first twenty-five years after the Crimean War, European affairs were ________.

unstable as fears of revolutions declined and the great powers had less reverence for the Vienna settlement

Which of these describes the military operations of the Crimean War?

All of the troops were inept, ill-equipped, and poorly commanded.

Which element of nineteenth-century European order was destroyed by the Crimean War?

the Concert of Europe

In 1866, Venetia was added to Italy in exchange for ________.

Italy's alliance with Prussia in the Austro-Prussian War

Prussia excluded Austria from German affairs by ________.

defeating Austria in the Seven Weeks' War

Emperor Francis Joseph's scheme for centralized administration of the Habsburg Empire meant that the government was dominated by ________.

German-speaking Austrians

Which of the following groups would have supported the Ausgleich of 1867?

Hungarians

The Russian government responded to radical revolutionary groups that emerged in the late 1800s by ________.

increasing repression

Gladstone's ministry of 1868 to 1874 witnessed the culmination of ________.

classical British liberalism

Ireland played the same role in British politics that ________did in Habsburg politics.

Hungary

Reforms in the Ottoman Empire were, in general, _______.

westernizing

The most important political development in Europe between 1848 and 1914 was ________.

German unification

Which of the following statements about Napoleon III is true?

Napoleon III died in exile in 1873.

A mixed economy is ___.

one in which economic decisions are made by the government, business, and labor

In the two decades following the end of World War I, what belief did the governments and societies of Eastern and Western Europe share?

The Soviet Union posed the greatest threat to Europe's security.

How did Marxists view the economic downturn that became known as the Great Depression?

They welcomed it because they believed it signaled the imminent downfall of capitalism.

Most of the money the Allies collected in war reparations went to ________.

The United States

The 1936 Popular Front government of France consisted of an alliance of which of the following political parties?

Socialists, Radicals, and Communists

Between 1928 and 1940, Soviet industrial production ________.

rose dramatically

Under Lenin's New Economic Policy, ________.

private economic enterprise was permitted

Fascists won a majority in the Italian Chamber of Deputies in ________.

1924

The majority of the founding members of the Fasci di Combattimento were ________.

war veterans

The Lateran Accord of 1929 established that ________.

the pope was ruler of the independent Vatican City

Adolf Hitler became the chancellor of Germany ________.

by legal means

Support for Hitler was particularly strong among groups such as ________.

farmers, war veterans, and the young

The 1935 Nuremberg laws ________.

deprived German Jews of their citizenship

Which successor state avoided a self-imposed authoritarian government?

Czechoslovakia

What country was once known as the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes?

Yugoslavia

What minority looked to Hitler to resolve their nationalist ambitions?

the Germans of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia

Germany's struggle for economic security resulted in the ________.

establishment of the Nazi dictatorship

The Wall Street crash of October 1929 was the result of ________.

virtually unregulated financial speculation

American investment capital that had been pouring into Europe began to decline by 1928 as a result of ________.

money being diverted into the booming New York stock market

The pretext for the onset of the ________ was the assassination of Sergei Kirov on December 1, 1934.

Great Purges

Which of the following best characterizes Communist Party members who joined following the Great Purges?

Stalin Loyalists

The Fascists' seizure of the Italian government can be primarily attributed to the ________.

failure of the king to authorize the army to block the Black Shirt March

Mussolini's brokering of the Lateran Accord resulted in ________.

approval among Italians, bringing increased respectability to Mussolini's regime

The outflow of foreign capital from Germany beginning in 1928 undermined the brief prosperity and resulted in an economic crisis ending ________.

parliamentary government

The suspending of civil liberties and arrests of Communists or alleged Communists in Germany was a direct result of ________.

the Reichstag fire

Which of these had a destabilizing effect on the successor states in the 1920s and 1930s?

rampant nationalism

The new Poland was constructed from the countries of ________.

Russia, Germany, and Austria

Which of these was a powerful factor in the rise of both Mussolini and Hitler?

wounded national pride

In the Nazi ideology, women were considered first and foremost as _________.

mothers

The League of Nations condemned the Japanese use of force against Manchuria and ________.

did nothing else of substance

The term Anschluss refers to the ________.

union of Germany with Austria following the 1938 German invasion

In a secret agreement, signed in August 1939, the nations of ________ agreed to divide Poland between themselves.

the Soviet Union and Germany

Blitzkrieg means ________.

lightening warfare, which is how Hitler hoped to win

The Battle of the Bulge ________.

was Germany's last major offensive on the western front

The Holocaust claimed the greatest number of victims from ________.

Poland

What nation suffered the most during World War II?

the Soviet Union

What country confiscated radios as a way of limiting access to other countries' propaganda?

the Soviet Union

What was the Atlantic Charter?

a broad set of principles modeled after the Fourteen Points that specified the type of peace Great Britain and the United States sought

Residents of ________ paid with their lives for counting on Russia to liberate their city before turning south to the Balkans.

Warsaw

At the time of the Yalta Conference, Eastern Europe was occupied by ________.

the Soviet Union

At Potsdam, the Allies agreed to ________.

divide Germany into occupation zones

The German invasion of ________ was the immediate cause of World War II.

Poland

The Western powers responded to Hitler's invasion of Austria in 1938 by ________.

taking no action

The key reason why the Western powers adopted a policy of appeasement was their ________.

fear of another general war

How did the Spanish Civil War affect world politics?

It brought Germany and Italy closer together.

The Battle of Britain resulted in ________.

the abandonment of Hitler's plans to invade England

During the ________ the Russians lost more men than the Americans lost in combat during the entire war.

Battle of Stalingrad

Hitler decided on ________ as the "final solution of the Jewish problem."

extermination

Which of the following statements about French resistance during World War II is correct?

Only after an Allied victory seemed possible did a large-scale, active resistance movement emerge in France.

The British experience of war differed from that of France and the Soviet Union, because both of these nations suffered __________.

Nazi occupation

In 1943, the foreign ministers of Great Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union reaffirmed the commitment to fight until _________.

the enemy surrendered unconditionally

The disappearance of unemployment in Britain was a natural result of _________.

total war

The Atlantic Charter can be seen as a continuation of the spirit of ________.

Versailles

The Triple Alliance forged by Bismarck

consisted of ________.

Germany, Austria, and Italy

William II wanted ________.

a navy and colonies like Britain's

At the Congress of Berlin in 1878,

________.

Germany claimed a new role on the world stage