APUSH Period 2: 1607-1754

Slave Codes

Laws that controlled the lives of enslaved African Americans and denied them basic rights

Southern colonies

Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia

Middle colonies

New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware

New England Colonies

Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire

Jamestown

The first permanent English settlement in North America, found in East Virginia, grew economically due to John Rolfe's cultivation of tobacco

joint-stock company

a company whose stock is owned jointly by the shareholders; example: Jamestown colony establish by the Virginia Company

indentured servants

Colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years, usually 7

House of Burgesses, 1619

The first elected lawmaking body in North America, established by the Virginia Company to allow representative government in Virginia.

Maryland Act of Toleration (1649)

Ordered by Catholic Lord Baltimore after a Protestant was made governor of Maryland at the demand of the colony's large Protestant population. The act guaranteed religious freedom to all Christians.

James Oglethorpe

Founder and governor of the Georgia colony. He ran a tightly-disciplined, military-like colony. Slaves, alcohol, and Catholicism were forbidden in his colony

Puritans

A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. They came to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay.

Separatists/Pilgrims

Religious dissenters of the Church of England believed it could not be reformed, wanted church independent of royal control that did not have Catholic influences. They fled to America and settled in Plymouth.

Mayflower Compact (1620)

The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony.

"City Upon a Hill" John Winthrop

Sermon in which governor of MA colony taught that they would be a refuge for persecuted Puritans and an example of how godly people should live

Calvinism and Predestination

Form of Christian religion that influenced the Pilgrims and Puritans. Had the belief that God has already decided whether a person is going to Heaven or Hell before they have even been born, and there is nothing they can do to change that

Roger Williams

A dissenter who clashed with the Massachusetts Puritans over separation of church and state and was banished in 1636, after which he founded the colony of Rhode Island to the south

Anne Hutchinson

A Puritan woman who disagreed with the Puritan Church in Massachusetts Bay Colony. Her actions resulted in her banishment from the colony, and later took part in the formation of Rhode Island. She displayed the importance of questioning authority.

New Amsterdam (New York)

Founded by the Dutch but in 1664 as a trade post, welcomed all groups, no religious domination, captured and renamed by the British

William Penn

A Quaker that founded Pennsylvania to establish a place where his people and others could live in peace and be free from persecution.

Quakers

A form of Protestantism in which the believers were pacifists and would shake at the power of the word of the Lord, did not make oaths, did not believe in slavery (at first) & worshipped through a personal connection with God at "meetings" instead of church services

Immigrants to Colonies in the 1700s

Scottish, German, Irish

Anglicization

the colonial American desire to immitate English society, including English customs, architecture, languages, names, but also in democratic practices based on English govt

Mercantilism

An economic policy under which mother countries sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining colonies, large amounts of gold and silver, and by selling more goods than they bought

Triangular Trade

A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s Africa sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa

Navigation Acts

Acts passed in 1660 passed by British parliament to increase colonial dependence on Great Britain for trade; limited goods that were exported to colonies; caused great resentment in American colonies.

salutary neglect (1688-1763)

Unofficial policy of relaxed British control over colonial trade and only weak enforcement of Navigation Laws.

Cash crops in the south

cotton, rice, tobacco, indigo

subsistence farming

farming in which only enough food to feed one's family is produced

Headright System

Parcels of land consisting of about 50 acres which were given to colonists who brought indentured servants into America. They were used by the Virginia Company to attract more colonists.

Bacon's Rebellion (1676)

Rebellion of discontent former landless servants led by Nathaniel Bacon who wanted to move westward onto Indian territory, governor William Berkely said no; Led to a move from indentured servants to African slaves for labor purposes.

Stono Rebellion (1739)

A slave uprising in 1739 in South Carolina by a slave named Jemy; led to a severe tightening of the slave code and the temporary imposition of a prohibitive tax on imported slaves.

Pequot War (1637)

Connecticut and Massachusetts soldiers teamed with Narragansett allies to set the main Pequot village afire and kill 500 Pequots

King Philip's War, 1675

A series of battles in New Hampshire between the colonists and the Wampanoags, led by a chief known as King Philip; Massachusetts government tried to assert court jurisdiction over the local Indians. The colonists won with the help of the Mohawks, and this victory opened up additional Indian lands for expansion.

halfway covenants

Method by which Puritans of Massachusetts Bay began to water down the strict moral and spiritual requirements for church membership after losing attendees. Children of adult members were allowed to be baptized and become members without demonstrating a "visible saintliness", thus helping to fill the pews.

Jeremiads

In the 1600's, Puritan preachers noticed a decline in the religious devotion of second-generation settlers. To combat this decreasing piety, they preached a type of sermon focused on the teachings of Jeremiah, a Biblical prophet who warned of doom.

First Great Awakening (1739-1744)

Puritanism had declined by the 1730s, and people were upset about the decline in religious piety. The Great Awakening was a sudden outbreak of religious fervor that swept through the colonies with evangelical preachers. One of the first events to unify the colonies.

Johnathan Edwards

An American theologian and congregational clergyman whose sermons stirred the religious revival (Great Awakening); known for "sinners in the hands of an angry God" sermon.

George Whitefield

Christian preacher whose tour of the English colonies attracted big crowds and sparked the First Great Awakening, intensely emotional sermons drove thousands to their knees in salvation

evangelism

The spreading of the Christian gospel by public preaching or personal witness

Enlightenment

a movement that emphasized science and reason as guides to help see the world more clearly

Deism

A popular Enlightenment era belief that there is a God, but that God who created the world but he isn't involved in people's lives or in revealing truths to prophets.

Peter Zenger Trial

newspaper publisher; put on trial for criticizing the government; established precedence that government can be criticized if accusations are true. Freedom of the press.