Mexican Americans

2nd Section for Final Exam

Who is the largest ethnic group in California?

Latinos

What group makes up a major part of Tulare County’s farmworker population?

Mexican American farmworkers.

What did the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo end?

The Mexican–American War (1848).

What did Article VIII of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo promise?

Property rights and U.S. citizenship for Mexicans in new U.S. territories.

Name the three major Mexican/Mexican American immigration waves.

The Spanish-Mexican War, the Mexican Revolution, and labor demand during World War II.

What were Sociedades Mutualistas?

Mutual aid groups offering insurance, legal help, and community support.

What did the Comisión Honorífica Mexicana do?

Promoted Mexican nationalism and protected community rights.

What was the Mexican Repatriation (1929–1936)?

Forced removal of 1–2 million Mexican and Mexican American people; ~60% were U.S. citizens.

What was the goal of the San Joaquin Valley Cotton Pickers’ Strike (1933)?

Higher wages and better working conditions.

What happened in the Lemon Grove Incident (1931)?

Mexican American children won the first successful school desegregation case in U.S. history.

What did Mendez v. Westminster (1947) accomplish?

Ended school segregation of Mexican American children in California.

Why is Mendez v. Westminster historically important?

It helped pave the way for Brown v. Board of Education (1954).

What was the Bracero Program (1942–1964)?

A U.S.–Mexico agreement bringing temporary farmworkers; often exploitative.

What were the Zoot Suit Riots (1943)?

Attacks by white servicemen on Mexican American youth in Los Angeles during WWII.

What was the Chicano Movement?

A 1960s–70s civil rights movement focused on cultural pride, political power, education, and labor rights.

What was the Plan de Santa Barbara (1969)?

A blueprint for establishing Chicano Studies programs.

What is MEChA?

A student organization promoting Chicanx empowerment.

Who founded the UFW and when?

César Chávez and Dolores Huerta (1962–1965), uniting Filipino and Mexican unions.

What strategies did the UFW use?

Nonviolence, boycotts, and advocacy for worker protections.