Chemistry - Physical Changes

Melting

Solid to liquid

Freezing

Liquid to solid

Condensation

Gas to liquid

Boiling

Liquid to gas (quickly)

Evaporating

Liquid to gas (slowly)

Sublimation

Solid to gas

Deposition

Gas to solid

Brownian Motion

random movement of particles

Diffusion

Movement of gas or liquid particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Solute

the solid (or occasionally a gas) which dissolves into a solvent (liquid) in order to make a solution

Solvent

The liquid in which the solute dissolves to form a solution

Solution

Mixture formed by a solute and a solvent

Saturated solution

a solution in which no more solute can dissolve at that temperature

Crystallisation

The process of producing crystals from a solution by evaporating the solvent

atomic number

number of protons in nucleus of element

mass number

no. of protons + no. of neutrons

conservation of mass

mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction

silver nitrate solution

halides

dilute nitric acid

carbonates

barium chloride solution

sulfates

acid

a proton donor - it dissolves in water to releas H+ ions

base

a proton acceptor - a substance that reacts with an acid to form a salt in a neutralisation reaction

alkali

a soluble base that releases OH- ions when dissolved

salt

the product formed when an acid reacts with a base in a neutralisation reaction

acid + metal

salt + hydrogen

acid + metal hydroxide

salt + water

acid + metal oxide

salt + water

acid + metal carbonate

salt + water + carbon dioxide

ductile

can be pulled to form wires

lustrous

shiny

sonorous

makes a sound when hit