Sections 1-3 Clinical test questions

Five days after a stroke, Mr. Peters cannot move his right arm and leg and lists to the right when seated in his wheelchair. In which hemisphere did Mr. Peters experience a stroke?

left hemisphere

After his motorcycle accident 1 year ago, Jim’s personality and behavior have changed significantly. He now has severe short-term memory problems and is disorganized, foul-mouthed, and impulsive. Jim can neither foresee the consequences of his actions nor does he possess insight into his behaviors. Damage of which cerebral lobe would largely be responsible for these problems?

frontal

After his brain injury, Jack has difficulty regulating his temperature, has experienced acne due to hormonal imbalances, and is unable to assume a normal sleep-wake cycle. Which neurological structure is primarily thought to be responsible for these functions?

hypothalamus

After a gunshot wound to the head, Jose has been in a vegetative state. Although he shows no response to verbal commands, his cough and gag reflex, swallowing reflex, and pupillary response all remain intact. Which neurological structure is responsible for these reflexive functions?

brainstem

From the time Francis was a young child, he displayed tics and uncontrollable movements (eg, tongue protrusion and neck snapping).Although these dyskinesias have improved somewhat as he has aged, they still remain to a moderate extent as an adult. Which neurological structure is believed to be responsible for this movement disorder?

basal ganglia

Mr. Jones has been diagnosed with Parkinson disease and displays the festinating gait, intention tremors, and masked face associated with this disease. Which neurological structure is believed to be responsible for these symptoms and is often the target of drug and surgical treatment?

basal ganglia

Alice has been experiencing decreased proprioception; she has difficulty understanding the location of her limbs in space and in relation to each other. She walks with great clumsiness or motor incoordination and ataxia. Magnetic resonance imaging has most likely detected a tumor in which neurological structure?

cerebellum

Josh, a 7 year old in elementary school, has difficulty interpreting others’ emotions through their facial expressions, verbal tone, and body language. He also has difficulty generating age-appropriate feelings of empathy for his classmates. Josh has been given a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by his pediatrician. Researchers have targeted which one of the below neurological structures as dysfunctional in ASD?

amygdala

When Mrs. Anderson walked into the hospital to visit her newly born grandson, the scents and odors of the hospital setting reminded her of the time when, 5 years ago, her husband was a hospital patient after experiencing cardiac arrest. Which 2 structures are primarily responsible for long-term memory storage of emotionally laden events associated with a distinct odor?

hippocampus and olfactory bulb and tract

After a stroke, Ms. Rodriguez displays aphasia, a language disorder in which

she has difficulty speaking and interpreting others’ words. Language disorders such as aphasia commonly occur in which hemisphere?

left