Fetal Development

1. germinal (0-2 wks)

2. embryonic (3-8 wks)

3. fetal (early = 3-6 mo. // later = 7-9 mo.)

what are the three stages of prenatal growth, also called trimesters

critical period, development is altered

A ________ is a specific time during development when a particular event has its greatest consequences

• begins and ends abruptly

• if proper stimuli does not occur, what happens?

Sensitive period

A _______ is a period of maximal sensitivity

• begins and ends gradually

• can still learn after, but not as efficient

***go review critical periods chart !!

***go review critical periods chart !!

rapid cell division

the germinal period involves _______ and implantation to uterus

embryonic period

the _________ involves the 3 layers of tissue and development of CNS (primitive streak, neural plate, tube fusion)

neural tube

at day 28, what is formed

heart

at week 5 from conception, the ______ starts functioning as the first organ (tubular form)

surfactant

by week 21, ________ begins

26-29

the lungs are developed enough to breathe by weeks

alveoli

_______ develop by week 32 for better gas exchange in the lungs

fetal period

throughout the _______ (weeks 8-40) most structures are formed

• ear formation

• hearing

• skin develops

• surfactant begins

by weeks 20-22, the following structures are involved:

startle

by week 23, the ______ reflex develops

eyelids

during weeks 24-28, _______ separate and blink with finger (+toe) nails forming

TRUE

T/F: any baby born less than 26 weeks has an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disability

28

at week ____ the gyri in the brain develop; however if a baby is born before this, the baby will not have all the curves in the gyri needed for full neurodevelopment

pulmonary

________ development wraps up between weeks 26-29

eyelids, maturation, rooting

at week 26, the _______ open, there is rapid eye ______ and the ______ reflex develops

taste

_____ develops around 26-28 weeks with facial movements

pupillary

by weeks 30-34, the ______ reflex develops and there is an increased survival rate

head, abdomen

as the baby is nearing full term, they are more oriented to light and visual alertness, while their _____ and _____ are about the same size

primitive streak, primitive node, 28

for neural development, the _____ and _____ appear at week 3 to form the baby’s head-to-tail and left-right planes. by week ______ the gyri are forming

limb buds, fingers, toes, ossification

with bone development, _______ appear first within the first month, then by weeks 9-12 the _____ and ____ appear with _______ beginning around weeks 13-16

1. touch

2. vestibular

3. smell

4. taste

5. hearing

6. sight

what is the order of sense development?

FIRST

during the ______ trimester, baby is placing hands to face, having jaw movements, bending/stretching, breathing, UE movements to reach …. mother can feel all of this

SECOND

during the _______ trimester, the baby can have hiccups, startles, stretching, UE/LE/trunk?mouth movements

THIRD

during the _______ trimester, the baby is having decreased movement overall, but face movements increase, around weeks 26-28 baby starts having sleep cycles

primitive reflexes

_______ are not fully understood but they help us evaluate a baby’s neural system as most begin in utero

absent

if a reflex is ________ it could indicate a peripheral injury

persistent

if a reflex is ______ or too strong, it could indicate a CNS issue like spasticity or CP

integrate

Reflexes ________ at different stages in a baby’s first year of life and are no longer present

Teratogens

_______ like drugs or viruses can have harmful effects to fetal development just like maternal factors, oxygen deprivation, low birth weight, preterm or post-term birth

baby is normally developed, packed in the same fashion in mom’s belly

what does physiological flexion tell us?

neurodevelopmental

Atypical positioning indicates warning for _________ issue

kicking, physiological

With full term babies, there is spontaneous _____ and flailing with brisk reflexes and ________ positioning

sluggish/incomplete, extended

With preterm babies, there is poor or diminished activity with _________ automatic reflexes (moro, sucking, swallowing) and ______ posturing due to low tone

< 5lbs or 2500 grams

LBW =

< 3.3 lbs or 1500 grams

VLBW =

< 2.2 lbs or 1000 grams

ELBW =

small for gestational age

SGA =

large for gestational age

LGA =

intra uterine growth retardation/restriction (happens with multiples)

IUGR =

review reflexes!!!!!

review reflexes!!!!!