Chapter 6 - The Governor and the Executive Branch

boards and commissions

Groups appointed to oversee specific policy areas or state programs; why it matters: they give the governor indirect power over major policy decisions. Example: Air Resources Board regulating pollution.

cabinet

The governor’s senior advisors who oversee major state agencies; why it matters: helps coordinate executive action and implement policy. Example: Secretary of Health and Human Services briefing the governor.

formal powers

Powers granted to the governor by the Constitution or law; why it matters: define what the governor can legally do. Example: Signing or vetoing bills.

head of government

The governor’s role as the leader of the executive branch, managing state agencies and enforcing laws; why it matters: determines how policies are carried out. Example: Directing wildfire response efforts.

head of state

The governor’s ceremonial role representing California at official events; why it matters: shapes public image and legitimacy. Example: Speaking at ceremonies or crisis events.

informal powers

The governor’s influence gained from popularity, persuasion, media presence, and leadership; why it matters: often more important than formal powers for getting things done. Example: Using the “bully pulpit” to pressure the legislature.

line-item veto

The governor’s power to veto specific spending items in the budget without vetoing the entire bill; why it matters: gives strong control over state spending. Example: Cutting $50 million from a transportation project.

personal staff

The governor’s close advisors and aides who manage policy, communication, and scheduling; why it matters: they shape the governor’s priorities and decision-making. Example: Chief of staff coordinating legislative strategy.

superagencies

Large administrative departments that group multiple agencies under one umbrella; why it matters: makes state bureaucracy more manageable and centralizes executive power. Example: California Environmental Protection Agency.

veto

The governor’s power to reject a bill passed by the legislature; why it matters: major check on legislative power. Example: Governor vetoing a bill expanding rent control.