Debut: Colonization (1491-1607)

Taylor Swift Connection:

Debut was the first album released by Taylor Swift. This is the time of discovery in America, similarly to how Taylor was discovering her place within the music industry

First Americans:

How did they get here?

• Russia/China/Mongolia via Bering Straight—> Alaska
• Traveled on boats—> Evidence found in Chile

Characteristics:

• Nomadic-Followed food source/animals
  • Ex: Bison in Great Plains
• Tribes: Different societies/cultures/language/customs
  • Trade
  • War-Not Unified

Arctic/Subarctic:

• Tribes: Inuit
• Hunters/Fisherman

\

Southwest

• Tribes: Pueblo
• Farming/Agriculture
  • Maize: Corn

Great Plains

• Tribes:
  • Sioux
  • Wichita
• Nomadic Bison Hunters

Northeast (New England)

• Tribes:
  • Iroquois
  • Iroquois Confederacy: 5/6 Tribes Unified
  • Algonquin
• Agriculture/Fishing/Hunters/Gatherers

\

European Colonization

Exploration: What’s out there?

Colonization: Taking over and settling in an area

Spanish:

Where:

• Mexico
• Florida
• Central America
• Southwest United States
• Western South Americca

Impact:

• Encomienda System: Spanish crown grants land to conquistadores to enslave native population
  • Forced Labor System
  • Forceful Conversion to Christianity
  • “Mingling” with Natives—> Mestizo: New Ethnic group of Spanish and Native American
• 1680-Pueblo Revolt: Native American revolt against Spanish
  • Where: Santa Fe, New Mexico
  • Why: Native Americans wanted to practice their religion
  • Impact: Pueblo kick out Spanish for 12 years and when Spanish gain control again they are still allowed religious freedom

{{*Treaty of Tortesillas (1494): Pope divides “New World” between Portugal and Spain{{

• West: Spain
• East: Portugal

Portugal

People:

• Christopher Columbus (1492): Intoduced America to Europe

Where: Brazil

Impact:

• Enslavement of Native Population
  • Forced Labor
  • Spread of Smallpox-Killed Native People
  • Intermingling with Natives—> Zambo: ethnic group of Portuguese and Native American

Dutch:

Where:

• New York-New England
• New York City-New Amsterdam

Why: Economic Gain (Dutch Colonization = Money)

• Trade with Native Americans-Decent Relationship
• Industry:
  • Ship Building
  • Banks/mercantile centers

French:

Where:

• Canada
• Louisiana
• Ohio River Valley—>Tension with Britain

Fur Trade: Good Relationship with Native Americans

Impact:

• French Crown indifferent to colonial affairs
• Not many French people colonized America

English (Late to the Party):

1585: Roanoke, North Carolina

• First Attempt by British to colonize America
• Struggle: Hidden in an island and lacked supplies
• Failure: Went Missing
  • Theories:
  • Killed by Native Americans
  • Assimilation with Native Americans
  • Drowned trying to return to England