Unit 4: The Circulatory System

Supine

face/palm up

Prone

face/palm down

What is the position of the hand during hand blood draws?

Prone position

What is the position of the hand during arm blood draws?

Supine Prosition

What plane is this?

Sagittal 

What plane is this?

Frontal

What plane is this?

Transverse

What cavities does the dorsal side of the body contain?

cranial & spinal

What cavities does the ventral side of the body contain?

thoracic, abdominal, pelvic

What separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities?

the diaphram

What does anterior mean?

Towards the back of the body

What does posterior mean?

Towards the front of the body

What does superior mean?

The higher part of the body

What does inferior mean?

The lower part of the body

What does proximal mean?

nearest to the center of origin

What does distal mean?

farther to the center of origin

What does medial mean?

toward the midline

What does lateral mean?

towards the side

What does midsagittal mean

splitting the body into EQUAL left and right halves

Pulmonary circulation

circulation specific to gas exchanged within the heart and lungs

Systemic circulation

circulation throughout the body

What are the steps of blood flow throughout the heart?

Superior vena cava, right atria, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery, lungs (gas exchange), pulmonary veins, left atria, bicuspid valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta, body

What is the SA node?

the pacemaker of the heart

Where is the SA node located

at the back wall of the atrium

How is the SA node triggered

filling up of blood in the atria

What does the atrial node trigger

atrial contraction

Where is the AV node located

bottom of right atria

What does the SA node do

pauses the impulse from SA node to allow the atria to empty

Where is the bundle of His located

top of septum/ventricular system

What does the bundle of his do

relays the impulse from the AV node through purkinje fibers

What does the bundle of his trigger

ventricular contraction

What does the bundle of his branch into

right and left bundle branches and perkinge fibers

What is the p wave

SA Node firing, atrial contraction, and depolarization

What is the QRS wave

ventricular contraction and depolarization

what is the T wave

repolarization/relaxation

what is the sac that protects the heart

the pericardium

What is the tunica intima

1st innermost layer of veins and arteries: endothelium

What is the elastic tissue

2nd layer of veins and arteries

what is the tunica media

the 3rd layer of veins and arteries: smooth muscle

what is the tunica advertitia

the 4th layer of veins and arteries: connective tissues

Arteries

carry O2 rich blood away from heart, thick smooth muscle, smaller lumen

Veins

carry O2 poor blood towards heart, thinner smooth muscle, thicker lumen, valves to prevent backflow of blood

What are capillaries made of

one cell walls

where is the cephalic vein located

on the radial (thumb) side

where is the median cubital located

in the center

where is the basilic vein located

on the ulnar (pinky) side

What shape veins do the majority of people have

H shape

what 3 veins does H shape contain

Cephalic, medial cubital, and basilic

what are the choices for blood drawing on H shape (best to worst)

median cubital, cephalic, hand, basilic

why should you avoid taking blood from the basilic vein

the vein is located over the brachial artery and nerves

What replaces the median cubital in the M pattern

median cephalic and median basilic

What is the first choice for a blood draw on a M pattern

median cephalic

What is blood composed of

plasma and formed elements

What does non clotted blood separate into

plasma, buffy coat, and formed elements

what percent of blood volume is plasma

55%

what is the composition of plasma

91% water 9% solute

How many liters of blood are in the body

5 liters

What are the three types of formed elements

erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes

What are erythrocytes

red blood cells

what do erythrocytes do

carry oxygen

What are immature erythrocytes

reticulocytes

What are leukocytes

white blood cells

what do leukocytes do

attack bacteria and infections

what are granulocytes

easily visible white blood cells when stained

what are agranulocytes

white blood cells with no granules or very fine when stained

What are the three types of granulocytes

eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils

What do eosinophils do

create an immune response to allergies and parasitic infections

What do neutrophils do

most numerous white blood cells that is present when there is a bacterial infection

What do basophils do

least numerous white blood cell that causes an inflammatory response

What are the two types of agranulocytes

lymphocytes and monocytes

what are the two types of lymphocytes

T-lymphs and B-lymphs

what do t-lymphs do

directly attack infected cells

what do B-lymphs do

produce antibodies

what is the second most numerous agranulocyte

lymphocytes

what is the largest white blood cell

monocytes

what do monocytes do

destroy Pathogens through phagocytosis

what does the anticoagulant become after being spun

a buffy coat

which type of blood separates when spun or not

clotted blood

What is clotted blood separated into

serum and clotted blood (sometimes separator gel)

what are thrombocytes

the smallest formed element, first on the scene when injury occurs

What does plasma have that serum does not

fibrinogen

What is hemeostasis

body’s response to injury

what are the two phases of hemeostasis

platelet plug, then coagulation cascade that solidifies plug into clot

what determines blood type

antigens

what antigens does type AB have

both antigens

what antigens does type O have

neither

what is Rh factor

D antigen

What type of blood are you in the presence of D antigen

+

If you cant find a vein on the antecubital fossa where can you resort to

the feet

to draw blood from the feet you must

have doctors orders

what region of the arm is most preferred for blood drawing

antecubital fossa