history 1302 exam one

prof: chad tomaselli @ grayson county com. college

american red cross

• part of revolutionary medical technology in WWI

• saved lives, higher rate of injured as opposed to dead

• more survivors led to PTSD seen highly for first time

National War Labor Board (April 1918)

one of wilson’s efforts to control population while also pushing progressivism; helped labor and business negotiate

business gain: labor wouldn’t strike during war

labor gain:

1. standard 8hr day

2. raised pay

3. required recognition of unions

Committee on Public Information

administered war propaganda (posters, radio ads, etc)

• pushed anti-german sentiment resulting in renaming “liberty ____ “ , name changes, etc.

Espionage Act of 1917

made it a crime to interfere in the operation or success of the military, or specifically “to provoke insubordination, disloyalty, mutiny, or refusal of duty”

• broad definition to enable wider punishment

• deported German citizens/immigrants

• americans charged up to 20yrs in prison and $10k fine

similar to alien enemies/alien friends act

Sedition Act of 1918

update to Espionage Act; any public expression against war or criticism of gov./press was a crime

• allowed arrests of women fighting for suffrage

• shut down german-language newspapers, even those supporting US

Wilson’s “Fourteen Points” Speech

public transfer from moralism to idealism, regarding what should be done after war

• 8pts for territorial change

  • pushed self-determination of a people

• 5pts pro peace

• 1pt calling for League of Nations (international organization of all countries to negotiate peace/wars)

Armistice Day (11 Nov. 1918)

day countries agreed to stop WWI fighting

now Veterans’ Day in US, still Armistice Day in other countries

Treaty of Versailles (1919)

• Wilson’s 8 territorial changes included; none of his idealism

• League of Nations is created

• French sought revenge against Germany

  • made Germany claim $33b war bill

never signed by US→ US never joined LoN→ LoN failed

End of POTUS Wilson

stroked out, lost most functions

• wife practically served as pres. at cabinet meetings

• senate fought his ideas

very few goals fully accomplished and died defeated

Seneca Falls Convention (1848)

annual gathering focused on womens’ right but mainly right to vote b/c it would open other doors

• striking event b/c female public speaking wasn’t legal in all states

mvmnt took place prior to civil war, and women shifted to fight for abolitionism with their rights next, but didnt happen that way

National American Women’s Suffrage Association (NAWSA)

main women’s suffrage org., a union of smaller preexisting orgs

6 Arguments against Suffrage

1. if women can vote, they’ll vote for prohibition (from breweries)

2. if women can vote, they’ll vote for labor reforms (from big business)

3. political machines were anti suffrage b/c had no control over female vote

4. if women can vote, they’ll want more rights (serve on juries or in military, become politicians)

5. women’s suffrage is caused by or will cause weakness in men

6. women cannot handle dirtiness/complexity of politics with possibility of literal brain trauma

Susan B. Anthony and Election of 1872

intentionally broke law by voting, was arrested, appealed arrest with plan to appeal to highest court and change law

• potential case relied on 14th amendment (eventually shot down in different case)

jailed again after trial for contempt in court, refused to pay fine and stayed in jail so she could appeal, judge saw through plan and waved fine

Federal Reserve Act (1913)

divided the country into 12 districts each w/ their own FR bank ran by Federal Reserve Board

• local banks payed/put money in FR to work w/ them

• set national currency; almost fully away from Gold Standard

sig: fixed american banking system after 80 years from national bank war

Federal Reserve Board

ran Federal Reserve banks, 12 district leaders picked by president “chairman”

Federal Trade Commision Act 1914

replaced the Bureau of Corporations

• instead of just collecting info, allowed to act on it

Louis Brandeis

appointed to SCOTUS by Wilson, supported workers over corporations

• 1st jewish member of SCOTUS

showed Wilson switching from New Freedom→ TR’s new nationalism

Federal Highway Act

if a state spends a specific amount of money on something and actually does it, they’ll get another $25m for that thing

• mirrored internal improvement from Henry Clay’s American System

Keating-Owen Child Labor Act (1916)

If a product was made by someone under 14, it was outlawed to be sold across state lines/internationally

• shot down by SCOTUS a few years later

Adamson Act (1916)

made the 8hr work day, made overtime- “time and a half” pay rule

• last of progressive reforms b/c of WWI starting

US Neutrality in WWI

america could not trade war material

Wilson’s Foreign Policy

led by Wilson and his secretary of state, William Jennings Bryan

• tied in “White Man’s Burden”

• legalism, moralism, idealism

wilson’s 3 foreign policy ideologies

followed throughout the war, in order, not simultaneously

1. legalism: USA should help enforce international rules, ie World Police Force

2. moralism: USA had a “moral obligation” to spread and protect democracy worldwide

3. idealism: principles of American Democracy should be the ones enjoyed by all, so end of war should be based on these principles and be war to end all wars